摘要:

The role of primary film formation in the colonisation of substrata by marine invertebrates was investigated in experiments conducted in waters of the Western Cape, South Africa. Surface‐bound antibiotics and herbicides were used to reduce proliferation of bacteria and diatoms respectively on test panels, while the primary film was enriched on other panels before exposure to the sea. The colonisation by invertebrates was monitored on these surfaces and compared to control treatments. The serpulidSpirorbissettled more readily where the primary film was well‐developed, but less discriminating barnacles(Notomegabalanus algicola)were capable of anchoring onto surfaces with only little bacterial mucilage. Our observations indicate that a well‐developed primary film was not essential for initial colonisation by barnacles near (< 10 m) an established community. A well‐developed film may be more important for barnacles at sites some distance from an established reef, suggesting that the primary film could mediate a factor originating from an established community that stimulates cyprids to settle.

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019009378125

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The development of estuarine epibenthic fouling was monitored over a 19‐wk period on oyster shells sequentially deposited onto river bottom experimental plots during the summer of 1985. Each of the shell groups became fouled more rapidly than the ones deposited before it with the equilibrium fouling coverage for all four groups occurring by the time of the highest recorded water temperature in mid‐August. Sediment and detritus contributed 42–59% of shell coverage (both shell sides combined) while attached sessile organisms contributed an additional 14–37% of the total covered area. A detrended correspondence analysis ordination was used to depict changes in epibenthic biofouling community structure through time. With time, the species composition of all four shell groups both changed and became more similar to one another. The initial dominant biofouling species on each of the four shell groups reflected the settling patterns of larvae in the water column at the time of deposition of each shell group, but with time other species began to replace the initial space dominants. Disturbance of the experimental shells was evident and it is believed that such disturbances free substrate space at a rate sufficient to allow a changing array of epibenthic biofouling organisms in the water column to become established on the freed spaces and eventually replace prior dominants. Thus, the biofouling of shells on a natural estuarine river bottom continually changes in its community structure over time.

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019009378126

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Foils of titanium and copper/nickel were exposed to Antarctic marine waters for periods of 15 min to 4 h during the Austral summer 1986. Some foils were exposed to subsurface water while others were inserted through the air/water interface prior to subsurface exposure. Pyrolysis/mass spectrometry was used to fingerprint surface bound organics. Attached bacteria were examined with epifluorescent and scanning electron microscopy. During the first 2 h copper/nickel accumulated significantly more pyrolysable organics than titanium. Differences in the surface bound organics on the two materials were not significant after 4 h. Throughout the exposure period higher numbers of bacteria were found attached to the titanium foils. Titanium foils that passed through the air/water interface prior to exposure showed a temporary increase in both pyrolysable organics and attached bacteria compared to identical foils exposed to subsurface waters. No significant increase in either parameter was observed on copper/nickel. Our data indicate substratum influences on the attachment of bacteria and that processes controlling bacterial adhesion to substrata in Antarctic waters occur within 15 min after the surfaces are placed in the water.

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019009378127

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The natural, fouling‐resistant surfaces of the gorgonian octocoralsPseudopterogorgia americana(Gmelin) andPseudopterogorgia acerosa(Pallas) were characterised utilising a variety of surface analysis techniques. Samples were collected in April and November 1987 from a natural population. No significant differences in bacterial surface populations were measured between species or between sampling periods. Contact angle analyses suggest that these natural surfaces have low surface energies (γc=23–27 mN/m) that are in the range previously correlated with minimal bioadhesiveness. Gorgonians may utilise this minimal adhesiveness as a passive fouling‐resistance mechanism in conjunction with other antifouling defences.

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019009378128

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Deposition of two microbial strains encountered in the dairy industry(Leuconostoc mesenteroidesandStreptococcus thermophilus)to substrata with different wettabilities was studied in a parallel plate flow cell. Deposition was studied both from a bacterial suspension in water and in potassium phosphate buffer (pH 70).L. mesenteroidesadhered rather weakly and showed no clear preference for any of the substrata. Conversely,S. thermophilusadhered much better to substrata with a high wettability than to low wettability substrata. Using real‐time image analysis, it was observed that after an initially high deposition of S.thermophilusfrom water to glass, cells subsequently desorbed leaving a biosurfactant layer on the surface to which freshly cultured cells did not adhere. Presumably this layer is due to biosurfactants produced by the adhering cells themselves. Such a biological anti‐adhesive coating might have great potential for the control of microbial fouling in dairy processing.

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019009378129

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Surface seawater (∼ 1 m) samples were collected at 33 stations from the Arabian Sea and analysed for suspended matter (SM) and particulate organic carbon (POC). Microfouling material from aluminium panels at the same stations was analysed for dry weight and/or organic carbon. Microfouling biomass (as dry weight and/or organic carbon) as well as SM and POC of surface seawater varied from station to station. Generally, microfouling biomass was higher in shelf waters as compared to slope and oceanic waters. There was a highly significant relationship between the SM of the seawater and the dry weight of microfouling material (r= 0–84;P≤0.001), as well as between the POC of the seawater and the organic carbon of the fouling material (r=0.74 and 0.84;P≤0.001). Microfouling biomass on aluminium panels in deep oceanic waters (1000 and 2400 m) was very low compared with that on panels in surface seawater ( ∼ 1 m). Somewhat higher values of microfouling were recorded at 2400 m as compared with 1000 m. The data suggest that the SM and POC of the surface seawater play an important role in influencing at least the initial stages of microfouling at these stations.

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019009378130

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Streptococcus sanguisFW213 carries peritrichous fimbriae (216±28 nm long) and 6 mutants derived from it lack fimbriae but carry peritrichous fibrils with a mean length of 77–4 + 3–9 nm. Both wild type strain and mutants have a ruthenium red staining layer (≤ 14.5±2.9 nm thick) external to the cell wall at the base of the fibrils and fimbriae. The thickness of this layer is strain dependent. Ruthenium red also stains extracellular masses of material, probably extracellular polysaccharide, but not the fimbriae.S.sanguisstrain FW 213 adheres to saliva‐coated hydroxyapatite and buccal epithelial cells and is not aggregated by saliva. The 6 non‐fimbriate mutants of FW213 adhered poorly to hydroxyapatite coated in heated whole saliva (S‐SHA) but 3/6 mutants adhered to the same extent or higher than the wild type to S‐SHA coated in unheated saliva, indicating that strain FW213 may carry a non‐fimbriate adhesin and that whole saliva contains a heat sensitive adhesin. All the mutants had a significantly thinner ruthenium red staining layer (RRL) external to the cell wall than the wild type strain FW213, while the cell surface hydrophobicity showed that the mutants were all less hydrophobic than the wild type FW213.

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019009378131

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The suitability of the Hach method for protein nitrogen estimation was determined for the analysis of periphyton samples. Preliminary laboratory tests suggest that the Hach method gives substantially higher total nitrogen recoveries from periphyton than traditional Kjeldahl methods. On the basis of incomplete nitrogen recovery the suitability of traditional Kjeldahl methods to the analysis of periphyton is questioned. For the analysis of relatively indigestible periphyton 30% hydrogen peroxide was not found to be a suitable reagent.

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019009378132

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Biological Fouling of Industrial Water Systems: A Problem Solving Approach, by Marc W Mittelman and Gill G Geesey. Published by Water Micro Associates (1987), San Diego. 357pp. ISBN 0–9619642–0–0

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019009378133

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019009378124

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor