ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1990.56

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryCell‐mediated immune responses were evaluated after immunization in two inbred mouse strains, CBA/H and BALB/c, that are respectively susceptible and resistant to infection with the yeastCandida albicans.Local immune responses, as measured by leucocytic infiltration into the draining lymph node, were similar; however, both delayed‐type hypersensitivity responses and candida‐specific lymphocyte proliferationin vitrowere significantly stronger in the resistant strain. The response was controlled by genes mapping outside the major histocompatibility complex. A possible explanation for the down regulation of the immune response in CBA/H mice is discussed.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1990.2

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe multimammate ratMastomys natalensis, when infected with the filarial parasiteAcanthocheilonema viteae, develops amicrofilaraemia. Worm recovery and the duration and intensity of microfilaraemia were analysed and related to the humoral and cellular immune responses of the host by using an antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay towards microfilariae (Mf). Mf were detected in the peripheral blood at 7 weeks post‐infection (p.i.), reaching maximum levels by 20 weeks p.i., and then gradually decreasing to undetectable levels during the next 36 weeks. The cytotoxic antibodies appeared around 15–18 weeks p.i., and the serum at 36 weeks p.i. induced 70% cytotoxicity to the Mfin vitroin the presence of host cells. The IgM fraction of the immune serum from amicrofilaraemicMastomyspromoted ADCC to Mf bothin vitroandin vivo.Macrophages were more potent in inducing cytotoxic effect than eosinophils and neutrophils. Platelets were ineffective in killing the Mf in the presence of immune serum. IgM antibody cleared the circulating Mf from the blood when given passively to infectedMastomys.The average recovery of adult worms was about 20% of the inoculated larvae. No live females could be recovered 56 weeks p.i. Thus protective immune responses built up over an extended period of time are elicited against the Mf and perhaps even to adults inMastomysinfected withA. viteae.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1990.3

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe role of autoimmunity to type II collagen in the arthritis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been assessed by ELISA and by Western blotting cyanogen bromide cleavage fragments separated on SDS‐PAGE. The results show that antibodies to both native and heat‐denatured collagen are quite common in SLE when measured by ELISA. Of particular interest is the demonstration of an association between antibodies to the CB 11 peptide and deforming arthritis in SLE. This is the arthritogenic peptide in murine models of collagen II‐induced autoimmune arthritis and the results presented here suggest a potential pathogenetic role in the deforming arthritis of SLE for this specific subset of antibodies to type II collagen.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1990.4

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe ability of mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) to respond to unrelated antigensin vivowas studied in genetically sensitive BALB/c and genetically resistant CBA mice. Suppressed humoral responses were observed following intraperitoneal or intravenous antigen challenge a few days after infection. IgG production was depressed more frequently than IgM. The suppression was correlated with splenic atrophy and hyporesponsiveness of the residual spleen cellsin vitro.The peritoneal macrophage response to intraperitoneal adjuvant challenge was also modified by the infection. Subcutaneous antigenic challenge elicited normal or elevated humoral and delayed‐type hypersensitivity responses, during which peripheral lymph nodes were consistently expanded. Antigen administered intraperitoneally without adjuvant on the day of infection also evoked elevated humoral responses. This correlates with the host's ability to respond to MCMV itself, possibly via primed cells seeded to the lymph nodes before the spleen was damaged by the infection.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1990.5

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySheep were experimentally infected with bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) and developed leukaemia and lymphosarcoma 30–88 weeks later. Ten sheep with lymphosarcoma were necropsied and lymphocyte subpopulations were evaluated in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and lymphocyte suspensions prepared from a range of lymph nodes, tumours and spleen. The leukaemic phase of BLV infection was characterized by an increase in the number of circulating B lymphocytes. The number of T lymphocytes was also increased with the CD8+subpopulation proliferating at a much greater rate than the CD4+subpopulation. In PBL the CD4:CD8 ratio fell rapidly as leukaemia developed, being 1·15 (±0·18) 5–8 weeks before necropsy and 0·38 (±0·09) at necropsy. During this period the number of B lymphocytes increased from 11·2 (± 0·7) to 379·4 (± 85·8)x 109/L. CD4: CD8 ratios were also low in all lymph nodes and spleens of leukaemic sheep at necropsy. Most of the cells in solid tumours were B lymphocytes but a small population of T lymphocytes with a low CD4: CD8 ratio was identified.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1990.6

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryVarious protocols were used in the development of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to improve the sensitivity and range of detection of human tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). ELISA can provide a specific, sensitive and rapid method for detection of TNF‐α in patient's sera, and it is important that the assay used should be sufficiently sensitive to detect low levels of TNF‐α. The double sandwich ELISA proved to be the most sensitive, detecting<0080 ng/mL TNF. Of eight different protocols, one assay using a purified monoclonal antibody to human TNF‐α and rabbit polyclonal anti‐TNF‐α antibody had the greatest sensitivity and range of detection. The study illustrates methods for the development of sensitive immunoassays which may have applications in many assay systems.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1990.7

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryHaemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is an infectious disease of cattle and buffalo caused by particular serotypes ofPasteurella multocidaand is one of the most economically important livestock diseases in South‐East Asia. While HS has been recognized for many years, very little is understood about the disease, primarily because of the expense of cattle and a lack of suitable animal models. The suitability of using mice to study HS was assessed using parameters such as the critical pathogenic dose, kinetics of infection, pathology of disease and resistance to reinfection.Pasteurella multocidaM1404, the type strain for Carter group B, the serotype responsible for Asian HS, was injected intraperitoneally into BALB/c mice. As few as 20 colony forming units produced an overwhelming septicaemia in mice in less than 30 h. The kinetics of infection demonstrated a very rapidin vivomultiplication rate. There was no evidence of inhibition of bacterial cell growth by natural host defence mechanisms, even with the very small inocula used. The gross pathology of the disease in mice was characterized by splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and petechial haemorrhages similar to that observed in cattle and buffalo with HS. Mice were found to develop a short‐lived resistance to reinfection following a primary infection which had been successfully treated with antibiotics. The mouse would seem to provide an ideal tool by which to study HS, but warrant further studies in order to be able to critically assess it as a model for this economically important disease.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1990.8

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe changes in food intake and biochemistry following Freund's adjuvant (AJ)‐induced inflammation in rats were investigated. Injection of AJ into rats resulted in a transient anorexia but a sustained decrease in body weight. Within 14 days, body weight decreased by 12% (P<0·05) and adipose tissue (retroperitoneal fat pads) decreased by more than 50%. Biochemical changes seen in association with the AJ‐induced wasting included decreased plasma concentrations of triglyceride and cholesterol. Injection of cyclosporin‐A (CS) (20 mg/kg) with the AJ decreased the anorexia, prevented the sustained loss of body weight and adipose tissue and reversed the effects on plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations. Insulin concentrations were not significantly affected by the AJ or AJ/CS treatments. Peritoneal macrophages from AJ‐treated rats produced 3‐fold more tumour necrosis factor‐α (cachectin) than control rats. This effect was not observed in rats treated with AJ plus CS. The results are consistent with CS preventing the release of cytokines which have anorectic and catabolic actions (IL‐1, TNF), although there is also the possibility that CS has effects involving endocrine mechanisms.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1990.9

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1990.10

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY