ISSN:0362-5664    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0362-5664    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0362-5664    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Narcolepsy is a neurological syndrome characterized by two major symptoms: excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. Pharmacological and biochemical evidence support the hypothesis that dopaminergic mechanisms are involved in excessive daytime sleepiness. The pathophysiology of cataplexy and the action mechanisms of anticataplectic agents remain controversial issues. Cataplexy is usually controlled by tricyclic antidepressants, but these drugs interact with several central monoamine systems and also exert an anticholinergic effect. In the present study, zimelidine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor without anticholinergic activity, was administered to 11 narcoleptic patients for 1–16 months. Cataplexy improved markedly in all patients, while no changes could be documented on excessive daytime sleepiness, either by self-report or polysomnographic nap recording. These results (a) confirm the hypothesis that hypersomnolence and cataplexy are subject to different control mechanisms; (b) support a serotoninergic, but not a cholinergic, theory of cataplexy; and (c) suggest that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may be the treatment of choice for cataplexy.

ISSN:0362-5664    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Serotonin (5-HT) has been proposed to exert an inhibitory effect on central dopamine activity, so increased brain 5-HT would be expected to reduce tardive dyskinesia (TD). Therefore a new antidepressant, a selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor, citalopram, was evaluated in 13 psychiatric patients with TD, 11 of whom also had neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism. Drug effects during active treatment (20–40 mg/day for 3 weeks) and pre- and posttreatment placebo periods were scored blindly from videotapes recorded weekly. TD, parkinsonism, and eyeblinking rates were unchanged. Psychiatric symptoms showed no significant changes, and no side effects were reported. The data suggest that increasing 5-HT activity by 5-HT uptake inhibitors has no significant beneficial effect in TD, but citalopram may be advantageous in the treatment of depressed patients who also have TD, as this drug does not aggravate TD as do tricyclic antidepressants.

ISSN:0362-5664    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Five patients with myoelonus were treated with oral piracetam (8–9 g/day). All patients had action-sensitive and/or stimulus-sensitive myoclonus and enhanced amplitude of somatosensory evoked potentials. Piracetam produced a marked reduction of the myoclonus in the five subjects without side effects. In view of its excellent tolerance and synergism with other antimyoclonic drugs, we consider piracetam to be a very valuable drug for the treatment of patients with myoelonus of any origin.

ISSN:0362-5664    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Subjects suffering from memory disorders associated with Korsakoff's syndrome were treated with noradrenergic and cholinergic drugs in two phases. In the acute phase, tests of short- and long-term memory were conducted shortly after the administration of methylphenidate, physostigmine, an oral placebo, and an intramuscular placebo. In the chronic phase, the memory tests were given after the subjects had been administered each of the following for 1-week periods: methylphenidate, choline chloride, methylphenidate plus choline chloride, and an oral placebo. Significant improvements were seen in long-term memory scores of patients receiving chronic methylphenidate treatment. Significant improvement was not found in short-term memory measures with any of the drug treatments.

ISSN:0362-5664    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The occurrence of adverse extrapyramidal effects following metoclopramide (MCP) therapy has been well documented in humans. In rats, MCP produced catalepsy and inhibited apomorphine-induced stereotypy, locomotor activity, and rotational behavior. MCP also accelerated dopamine turnover, potently stimulated prolactin release, and, at high concentrations, inhibited [3H]spiperone binding to striatal membranes. These behavioral and biochemical effects induced by MCP were similar to those observed with haloperidol. We conclude that MCP possesses most of the pharmacological properties of neuroleptic agents.

ISSN:0362-5664    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effects of two different kinds of stress (social and physical) on central adenosine receptors were investigated in mouse whole brain membranes using 1,3-diethyl-8-[3H]phenylxanthine ([3H]DPX) as a ligand. Chronic but not acute social stress induced an increase in the number of adenosine receptors similar to that induced by chronic, nontoxic doses of caffeine. Acute but not chronic social stress also induced an increase in the number of benzodiazepine receptors labeled by [3H]beta-carboline-3-carboxylate ethyl ester. The group submitted chronically to both stress and caffeine showed an increase in [3H]DPX binding relative to that found with either of these factors alone. The adenosine uptake site, labeled by [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine, was not modified by either stress or caffeine administration.

ISSN:0362-5664    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In rodents, serotonin (5-HT) antagonists counteract behavioral and biochemical effects of neuroleptic drugs. Therefore, we have studied the effect of different 5-HT drugs and one anticholinergic drug in acute dystonia in five cebus monkeys chronically treated with haloperidol. Acute dystonia induced by subcutaneous injections of haloperidol was slightly reduced by the 5-HT antagonist methysergide (4.0 mg/kg), while mianserin, ketanserin, and ritanserin (R 55 667; a new selective and potent 5-HT receptor blocker) had no effect. This was contrasted by the marked antidystonic effect of the anticholinergic drug biperiden (0.05–1.0 mg/kg). The 5-HT agonist citalopram, a specific 5-HT uptake inhibitor, had no significant effect. It is concluded that 5-HT antagonists have no useful effect in neuroleptic-induced dystonia.

ISSN:0362-5664    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID