摘要:

AbstractThe EPA Risk Management Plan (RMP) has considerable requirements for consequence modeling. This paper discusses the modeling requirements, the data required from your process to perform this modeling, and a summary of the minimal modeling procedures required to meet the RMP.

ISSN:1066-8527    

DOI:10.1002/prs.680160104

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1066-8527    

DOI:10.1002/prs.680160102

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1066-8527    

DOI:10.1002/prs.680160103

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAs process safety and risk management stewards, one of the first things we should be concerned about is the reliability of our pressure relief system. The importance of pressure relief systems to the CPI and HPI is paramount. Yet this issue has frequently not received the recognition it deserves, even though it is mandated by OSHA 1910.119. Although relief systems presently in service at process facilities may have been adequate for the original plant design, it is likely that the same systems are now being exposed to higher capacities and different relief scenarios. Therefore, verification of the adequacy of these systems should have been done concurrently with operational changes. Many in industry have only recently recognized this, and are striving to incorporate such procedures in their engineering standards. Others are still uncertain how to proceed, and two obvious questions that come to mind are (1) what is the most logical way for us to verify the adequacy of an existing system?, and (2) how to we document this information systematically, in order to avoid replicating our efforts every time we make a process modification?

ISSN:1066-8527    

DOI:10.1002/prs.680160105

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOSHA's Process Safety Management Standard, 29 CFR 1910.119 (September, 1992) requires that process hazard evaluations be performed on covered processes. The regulations contain 14 areas for consideration, six of which are related to the need to provide comprehensive information of all process materials, including the consequences of inadvertent mixing of process materials. This information can be made available to those involved in the manufacturing process through the development of an Interaction Matrix. A brief overview of the subject is given in a publication by the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) [1].In 1996 AIChE announced the availability of the computer package CHEMPAT that provides a straight‐forward method of generating and documenting the interaction matrix, or Compatibility Chart, and accompanying database. CHEMPAT was developed, and used internally, by the Dow Chemical Company since 1987. It was donated by Dow to AIChE in 1995 for use by the chemical process industries.This paper outlines the approach used to develop chemical compatibility information and briefly describes the use of CHEMPAT in that proces

ISSN:1066-8527    

DOI:10.1002/prs.680160106

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe shipment of hazardous chemicals can pose signficant risk to the general public and the environment. These shipments are made in a variety of packages ranging from small bottles to large tank trucks, tank cars, and barges. However, the many standards and regulations that have been established to govern the design and use of these packages define what many consider to be the minimum requirements for risk management. This paper presents a methodology that can be used to more thoroughly identify the risk minimization options and verify the design of a package for a particular service. This method is based on the concept of a threat analysis of the proposed movement of the hazardous chemical. The threat analysis looks for unusual (but realistic) threats to the package that may result in the release of the hazardous chemical to the environment. Such unusual threats may include events such as: Dropping of the package during loading; Accident enroute; External fire during shipment; Random acts of vandalism (using the package as a practice target); Puncture (fork lift collision with package, rail/truck accident); Crushing (sudden starting or stopping). By conducting an engineering analysis of the strength and ability of the container to withstand these unusual events, a package design that can withstand the threats indentified in the threat analysis can be defined.

ISSN:1066-8527    

DOI:10.1002/prs.680160107

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA Simple case study of a relatively high‐friction pipeline with pump‐assisted gravity flow (e.g., for high viscosity fluids such as hydrocarbon products) illustrates three features which lead to unexpectedly high transient pressure surges for which conventional alleviation practices (such as extended value‐closure times or surge‐relief devices at the pump discharge) are ineffective:(i)the use of a value to control flow in a long or high‐friction pipeline;(ii)a system with a value closure a significant distance downstream of a pump; and(iii)a system where surge protection is located a significant distance away from a cont

ISSN:1066-8527    

DOI:10.1002/prs.680160108

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLarge scale centralized manufacture of chemicals coupled with distribution to remote customers has obvious economic advantages derived from economy of scale. In some cases, however, concern for safety and environment can drive a search for competitive small scale processes for production of toxic chemicals at the end‐use site, thereby eliminating the potential hazards associated with transportation. We will present a case study in which novel technology is being explored to develop a safe, economically attractive process with minimal waste for the synthesis of hydrogen cyanid

ISSN:1066-8527    

DOI:10.1002/prs.680160109

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWaste‐derived fuel is an environmentally friendly method for destroying waste and recovering the energy value it contains. The fuel is characterized as a mixture of various solvents with a flashpoint in the flammable range. In addition to these solvents, the waste fuel contains solid material. During the transfer of this material to storage tanks, some of the solid material is is left behind in the tankers and rail cars. The ideal solution to remove this solid material is to wash the tank vehicle with the same waste fuel. With the waste fuel being in the flammable range, there is a concern about the washing operation causing ignition due to static electricity.Scaled experiments were conducted to assess the potential for static electricity to cause ignition. Although several ignition mechanisms were assessed, this paper is concerned with the charged mist caused by the high velocity solvent jet impinging on the tank wall. Isopropyl alcohol, mixed xylenes, and mineral spirits were evaluated. An aerosol electrometer was used to measure charge per unit volume of mist sampled. Discharge generation was assessed using an analytical model which estimates electric field corresponding to measured charge density for various configuration

ISSN:1066-8527    

DOI:10.1002/prs.680160110

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTransportation of hazardous chemicals as raw materials or products from chemical process facilities presents special hazards. Recently, the Risk Assessment Subcommittee (RASC) of the AIChE Center for Chemical Process Safetly (CCPS) completed a three‐year project which has been published in a CCPS Guidelines Series entitled Guidelines for Chemical Transportation Risk Analysis. The major themes of the book are summarized in this paper and the methods and techniques used in evaluating the risk of movement of hazardous chemicals are described. Guidelines for Chemical Transportation Risk Analysis covers methods that can be used to evaluate the risk of movement of a hazardous chemical by rail, barge, truck, pipeline, and ocean‐going vessel. A simple example is presented using the methods discussed in the guideli

ISSN:1066-8527    

DOI:10.1002/prs.680160111

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY