摘要:

Mild, growth‐limiting zinc deficiency might be prevalent in otherwise healthy infants according to recent studies. We examined zinc intake and status in 91 healthy term infants from birth to 12 months, as part of the Copenhagen Cohort Study on Infant Nutrition and Growth. Zinc intake was recorded monthly and the amount of zinc absorbed was estimated. These estimates were below recently published FAO/WHO/IAEA values for basal requirements in 68%, 62% and 14% of the infants at 2, 4 and 9 months of age, respectively. Serum zinc decreased significantly (p<0.01) from 10.6 μmol/l at 6 months to 8.4μmol/l at 9 months of age (normal range 10–18 μmol/l). Erythrocyte metallothionein values, a tentative indicator of long‐term zinc status, decreased significantly from 2 to 6 months (p<0.001) and from 6 to 9 months (p<0.01). Serum zinc at 9 months was positively associated with growth velocity during the period from 6 to 9 months (weight:p= 0.05; knee‐heel length:p= 0.002). The results provide descriptive data on zinc intake and zinc status in healthy Danish infants. Although some of our data suggest suboptimal zinc status during late infancy, evidence for this can only be obtained through a randomized interven

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb18262.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a prospective study, feeding routines of a maternity unit and the subsequent feeding patterns of 521 newborns were analysed. During the stay in the maternity unit, 69% of newborns were exclusively breast fed and 1% received only donor's milk from the milk bank and/or formula. Nine percent received their mothers' milk by bottle at least once and 21% received one or more supplementary feedings with donor's milk from the milk bank. One‐quarter of the children received supplementary feeds on the third day of life, the indications for this being birth weight less than 3.0 kg, maternal diabetes or gestational diabetes, “insufficient amounts” of milk or fussiness. At three months, 65% were being exclusively breast fed and 15% partially breast fed. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, the potential determinants (neonatal feeding, maternal characteristics, characteristics of the delivery and the child) for the duration of breast feeding were included. The adjusted relative risk (estimated as odds ratios, OR) of not being breast fed at three months was associated with maternal age (<25 years, OR 4.2), maternal smoking (OR 4.0), neonatal feeding (supplements given, OR 3.9) and initial weight loss (10% or more, OR 2.8). Thus the administration of supplementary donor's milk or formula during the early neonatal period was associated with an increased risk of a short duration for breast feeding, even after adjustment for a number of potential confou

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb18263.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to study fathers' knowledge of breast feeding and its relationship with paternal factors, fathers of 92 breast feeding and 89 non‐breast feeding newborns were compared. Paternal factors included previous children and the way they were fed, participation in prenatal care, attendance at prenatal classes, breast feeding information provided by health professionals, use of reading materials and interest in learning more about the subject. The results indicated that fathers had poor knowledge about breast feeding, especially those whose children were being bottle fed. After adjustments for confounders, fathers who had previous breast‐fed child(ren), had attended prenatal classes and who received information about breast feeding from medical personnel had a significantly higher chance of having a better knowledge of breast feeding. It seems that fathers need to be better prepared to assume their new role as breast feeding supporters. Prenatal care was shown to be a good opportunity to improve fathers' knowledge of breast feed

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb18264.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fourteen critically ill neonatal and paediatric intensive care patients with various primary diagnoses and signs of associated pulmonary hypertension received inhaled nitric oxide (NO), 20–80 ppm, after failure of conventional therapy to improve oxygenation. NO administration was found to be associated with a significant improvement in postductal arterial oxygen tension (pre‐NO: 3.75 (SD 1.39) kPa; post‐NO: 6.05 (SD 1.70) kPa;p= 0.004). In 10 patients, NO was found to increase arterial oxygen tension with more than 1 kPa. In 2 of these patients, ECMO treatment could be avoided due to the pronounced improvement in gas exchange seen after the initiation of NO administration. The remaining 4 patients failed to respond to NO administration. One patient developed methaemoglobinaemia (13.9%) which required treatment with methylthionine. Since we were unable to produce any beneficial effect of NO in the late phase of the pulmonary disease process, we believe that, in order to be successful, inhaled NO should be instituted when conventional treatment has failed and the administration of an iv vasodilator is usually consi

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb18265.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The prevalence of bacterial antibodies was determined in 173 children aged 0–15 years. The prevalence of IgGBorrelia burgdorferiantibodies in titres>500 in children less than 8 years of age was 6% while none of the older children had these antibodies in titres>400. IgGHelicobacter pyloriantibodies were detected only in children older than 6 years of age, with a prevalence of 6.5%, as were IgAH. pyloriantibodies, with a prevalence of 3.7%. The prevalence of high‐titre IgGCampylobacter jejuniantibodies was 1.2%, that of IgA 1.8% and IgM 1.2%. The prevalence of high‐titre (>500 IU/ml) antistreptolysin O was 3%, that of antistaphylolysin‐alpha (≥ 4 IU/ml) 2% and that of antiteichoic acid antibodies (titre 2) 2%. Low‐titreYersiniaantibodies were detected in 2%. High‐titreBordetella pertussisantibodies were detected in 6% of recently vaccinated children and in 8% of children in their first years of school. In the latter, high‐titre antibodies were mainly of the IgM and IgA classes. Altogether 35 children tested positive for bacterial antibodies other thanBordetella pertussisantibodies. Clinical evaluation revealed a possible infection, suggested by the antibody, in 5 (3%) of the children. Two (vaccinated) children had evidence of whooping cough. Eight of the 35 children with high‐titre bacterial antibodies (23%) also had elevated levels of autoantibodies (but not aut

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb18266.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We investigated 56 boys and 30 girls between the ages of 1 month and 15 years with acute respiratory infections for antibodies toChlamydia pneumoniaeandMycoplasma pneumoniae. Antibodies were only occasionally found in children less than 10 years of age (4% of boys (1/23) and 5% of girls (1/19). In the age group 10–12 years, antibodies were detected in 55% of boys (4/9) but not in the 2 girls investigated. In the age group 13–15 years, antibodies were detected in 58% of boys (14/24) and in 33% of girls (3/9). Infection caused byM. pneumoniaewas found in 13% of boys in the oldest age gro

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb18267.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Enzymatic determinations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), gammaglutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and creatine kinase BB (CK‐BB) were performed in 16 patients with aseptic meningitis (AM), in 25 children with bacterial meningitis (BM) and in 15 patients with meningism. The activity of AST and GGT was significantly higher in patients with BM on admission compared with those with AM and meningism (p<0.05 andp<0.005, respectively) and decreased with therapy. The highest concentration of AST and LDH appeared in patients with poor outcome as well as in those with ventriculomegaly on neurosonography (p<0.05). The concentration of CK‐BB increased in all patient groups on admission and remained higher on termination of therapy. The present study confirms the high activity of AST and GGT in BM patients in the CSF whereas the increased activity of AST and LDH reflects the extent of brain injury. Nevertheless, the prognosis for individual patients cannot be established on the basis of enzyme activity alone, but depends on several facto

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb18268.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in nasal secretions was determined in 34 infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis during the acute infection stage and one and six months later. ECP in serum was determined in 19 of these children at the same time. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) was determined in the same 19 children at the acute infection stage and after one month. All children were followed prospectively for two years after the infection with regard to the development of bronchial obstructive symptoms. Asthma, defined as three or more episodes of bronchial obstruction verified by a physician, developed in 18% of children and less severe obstructive symptoms in 29%. A screening test for food IgE antibodies in serum was performed six months and a skin prick test two years after the acute infection. Nasal ECP/albumin ratios after six months were significantly higher than during the acute RSV infection. MPO, but not ECP, levels in serum were significantly elevated at the time of acute infection compared with levels after one month. Nasal ECP/albumin ratios at the acute infection were compared to a control group of 27 infants with non‐RSV upper respiratory tract infections and did not differ. It was not possible to predict, either from ECP/albumin ratios in nasal secretion or from ECP and MPO in serum, which children would develop asthma, other bronchial obstructive symptoms or positive IgE test

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb18269.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate effect of inhaling racemic adrenaline to treat croup and to evaluate a scoring system. Two groups were investigated. One group inhaled a racemic adrenaline solution and the other group received the same solution with no racemic adrenaline. The study was double‐blinded and placebo‐controlled. Fifty‐four children (0.4–10.8 years) with mild to moderately severe croup were included in the study after clinical evaluation. The clinical score was useful when evaluating the treatment effects in mild to moderately severe croup and may be used as a quality assurance tool when treatment protocols are re‐evaluated. Oxygen saturation before and after treatment did not change significantly in either group and therefore its measurement did not provide additional information on the effect of treatment. In both groups, a significant improvement in total mean clinical scores was seen 30 min after inhalation, compared with before inhalation (p<0.001). However, racemic adrenaline was significantly better than placebo in terms of improvement in total clinical score, inspiratory stridor, retractions and air entry, and should therefore be used as first‐lin

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb18270.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb18272.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY