摘要:

SummaryAntithyroid drugs such as carbimazole and propylthiouracil prevent iodination of thyroglobulin and reduce hormone formation, storage and secretion. Carbimazole is the most favoured and should be given 8-hourly, initially in daily doses of 45 to 60 mg. decreasing to 15 mg. or less when the thyrotoxicosis is controlled. Patients with mild thyrotoxicosis and a small goitre and satisfactory response should have carbimazole for 18 months. The decision to continue antithyroid drugs for longer than 6 months may be easier if a 20-minute radioiodine uptake is suppressed by T3 given for a week or more (T3 suppression test), although this test of remission is not infallible.Patients with large glands, and who are difficult to bring under control with drugs, should have an operation or radioactive iodine (131I) therapy depending on age and fertility. Likewise people who have a relapse after stopping drug treatment (and this may be increased by iodide) can have another course or alternatively operation or radioiodine therapy.In general, antithyroid drugs are very safe; occasionally, (1 in 30) a maculopapular rash is seen or the patient has nausea. A granulopenia is very rare, never complete, occurs suddenly and is nearly always reversible if drugs are stopped. Potassium per chlorate is only used when other treatment is not feasible since it might cause aplastic anaemia. Studies with35S labelled antithyroid drugs show that they differ in distribution, and rate and mode of metabolism.Partial thyroidectomy is reserved for patients with obvious goitres, severe or relapsing thyrotoxicosis and always provided there is a skilled surgical team and an agreeable and fit patient. In experienced hands the outcome is good, but occasionally the patient is left with hoarseness, or parathyroid insufficiency, or a bad scar. There is also a risk of hypothyroidism and sometimes patients relapse. The incidence of complications is related to many factors but it is known that the more evidence there is of thyroid autoimmunity the higher the risk of post-operative hypothyroidism; and there is an inverse relationship between risk of hypothyroidism and recurrence, probably related to the amount of tissue resected.Note: This review article is in three parts. Part 111: Radioiodine therapy. Special considerations.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997309111665

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryA double-blind therapeutic comparison of lorazepam and diazepam was made in 40 out-patients suffering from anxiety neurosis. A variable dosage was used for both drugs, the range being 2 to 6 mg. daily for lorazepam and 10 to 30 mg. daily for diazepam. The criteria of assessment were Hamilton's anxiety scale and global evaluation based on falls in score, as well as improvement in social and occupational handicaps. Both the drugs were found to be comparable in anxiolytic efficacy, but the incidence of central nervous side-effects was significantly less with lorazepam. No adverse effects on haemopoietic, renal or hepatic function were seen with either drug.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997309111666

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryA controlled double-blind trial of lorazepam and diazepam was carried out in 43 ou patients suffering from anxiety neurosis. The dose of lorazepam was 2 to 6 mg. a da and that of diazepam 10 to 30 mg. a day, the duration of treatment being 4 week. On the basis of mean score reduction on Hamilton's scale and overall response, n significant difference was revealed between the anxiolytic actions of the drugs. With regard to central nervous side-effects, however, there was a suggestion that lorazepai may be less prone to cause them than diazepam.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997309111667

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryNinety-two patients with acute pelvic inflammatory disease were part of a double-blind clinical trial of the anti-inflammatory drug, oxyphenbutazone.The length of hospital stay was significantly reduced. Other parameters suggested improvement with the trial drug against a placebo. No side-effects were noted, ft is suggested that oxyphenbutazone is a valuable addition to antibiotic therapy in the treatment of acute pelvic inflammatory disease.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997309111668

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryTwo hundred and sixty-nine patients suffering from acute gonococcal urethritis were treated with single oral doses (variable) of a triple tetracycline preparation (‘Deteclo’).In acute uncomplicated gonorrhoea, it was found that a single-session treatment with 1.2g. 'Deteclo' gave a failure rate of 6.2%. Side-effects were of a gastrointestinal nature and were not a serious hazard at that particular dosage. They were minimised by an antiemetic, viz. promazine hydrochloride or metaclopramide mono-hydrochloride.It would appear, therefore, that 'Deteclo' has all the advantages of any oral preparation which can be used in a single-session treatment of acute uncomplicated gonorrhoea. It should, therefore, be considered in this light as an effective, convenient, alternative treatment in uncomplicated male gonorrhoea.Because of frequent and often distressing side-effects, it was not possible to arrive at an acceptable single-session regime using 'Deteclo' in non-specific urethritis.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997309111669

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe effect of 80 mg. triamcinolone acetonide given by intramuscular injection was studied in 12 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. The patients were followed for 4 weeks, with weekly assessments of joint pain and tenderness, digital joint circumference, hand grip, and radioactive pertechnetate (99mTc) knee joint uptakes. Another 12 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis received an injection of saline and acted as controls.The results showed that triamcinolone acetonide acted on average for 3 weeks. Subjective clinical parameters showed greater improvement than objective measurements, such as99mTc knee joint uptakes.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997309111670

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryS-carboxymethylcysteine was compared with bromhexine in a double-blind between-patient clinical trial in bronchiticpatients with mucoid sputum. Oral S-carboxymethylcysteine, administered as a 5% w/v syrup was given in a dosage of 750 mg. three times daily for 10 days and compared with oral bromhexine syrup (4 mg./5ml.) in a dosage of 16 mg. three times daily. Treatment with both drugs resulted in a significant increase in sputum volumes and a significant increase in thelpourability' of sputum. An improvement was also noted with both drugs in the subjective measures of ease of expectoration, severity of coughing, and sputum consistency. However, there was no improvement in ventilatory capacity or peak expiratory flow rates. S-carboxymethylcysteine was preferred significantly more by the patients' and the clinician's assessment. Bromhexine was not considered to improve the overall respiratory state as assessed by clinician or patients themselves. Whereas both drugs demonstrated valuable therapeutic responses, and were equally effective in their action on improving expectoration, sputum volumes and sputum pourability, S-carboxymethylcysteine produced a beneficial response in complementary parameters at least 4 days before a notable response to bromhexine treatment. Side-effects only occurred in 2 patients. One patient was withdrawn because of severe nausea and vomiting whilst receiving bromhexine and another patient experienced transient abdominal discomfort whilst receiving S-carboxymethylcysteine.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997309111671

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryAs an ingredient of topical preparations lanolin has been the cause of contact sensitisation. A betamethasone 17-valerate ointment (‘Betnovate’) which contains no lanolin has been studied in patients with eczema and psoriasis, in two double-blind clinical trials. The reformulated ointment†has been shown to be as clinically effective as both the original formulation and fluclorolone acetonide ointment.†The formulation described as betamethasone 17-valerate lanolin-free ointment is now available in the United Kingdom as‘Betnovate’Ointment.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997309111672

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor