摘要:

Although an association between breast cancer and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) has been reported, no studies have evaluated the prevalence of or factors related to breast cancer screening behaviors among women with this disease. This survey found the prevalence of annual screening mammography (SM) in 129 primary care women over the age of 49 meeting World Health Organization criteria for NIDDM to be 48.8%, up to 9 times the rate in the general population. Adjusting for breast cancer risk factors, severe family dysfunction but not poor coping with psychological stress was a barrier to annual SM. Education and age at first birth correlated positively, while exercise correlated negatively with SM. These data are the first to uncover family dysfunction as a barrier to SM and emphasize the effect increased exposure to the health care system from a chronic disease can have on screening behaviors.

ISSN:0160-6379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article describes the available literature on the current oral health status of older adults and its impact on self-perception and quality of life. Studies assessing levels of knowledge, attitudes toward oral health, and preventive dental behaviors are reviewed to help identify promotional and preventive strategies necessary to improve the oral health of this population. Successful strategies target various dental health concerns of elderly people, including those with special needs, and must be structured at the individual, professional, and public health levels.

ISSN:0160-6379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Between 1989 and 1992, large numbers of volunteers were trained to lead parenting skills workshops tor parents of elementary and middle school children in communities in Oregon. The authors surveyed the volunteer-leaders to examine the latter's perceptions of the benefits of and barriers to leading the workshops and how those factors related to their intentions to lead future groups. Surveys were mailed to 718 trained group leaders, and 380 instruments (52.9%) were returned. Although the numbers of trained group leaders increased each year, the percentage of trained individuals who had conducted workshops in the 12 months before the survey declined from 82% in 1989 to 42% in 1992. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that factors related to the personal cost to the group leader (eg, competing interests, burnout, fatigue) accounted for 26.1% of the variance of barrier scores, whereas perceived benefits accounted for only 6.8% of the variance. The implications of these results as they relate to community support and encouragement of volunteers are discussed.

ISSN:0160-6379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Community-Oriented Primary Care (COPC) is a model for planning, implementing, and evaluating primary care, health promotion, and disease prevention in the community. The model involves defining the community, identifying the health problem, conducting an intervention, and evaluating the impact of the intervention. Attendees of a senior center, a high percentage of whom were low income and minority, had a health problem of passivity; they were unwilling or unable to initiate educational and recreational activities. An eight-week leadership training program was offered that was attended by 12 older adults. Evaluation of the results indicated an increase in self-efficacy among the older adults after completion of the leadership training course and the initiation of new activities at the senior center.

ISSN:0160-6379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Innovative methods of delivering cost-effective and quality perinatal home care are a priority for health care professionals. Research has demonstrated that perinatal home care can be provided in a safe, costeffective manner. A trend in the delivery of health care is to provide perinatal care in the home. Perinatal home care encompasses preconception home care, low- and high-risk antepartum care, home birth, and postpartum care. This article explores important issues in understanding perinatal home care including the type of care provided, the essential components for home care programs, and health care policy trends. Perinatal home care services can be offered by private or public hospitals, home health care agencies, and independent health care professionals. Ideally, services and programs offering perinatal home care involve a variety of health care professionals.

ISSN:0160-6379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study sought to both gather information on the prevalence of Pap testing among Cambodian women in Houston, Tex, and to identify predictive factors that influence the early cervical cancer detection behavior of Cambodian women. Two hundred sixteen Cambodian women aged 18 years and older were surveyed by telephone. About one-fourth of the respondents reported having had a Pap test. Logistic regression analyses showed that compared to women who had not had a Pap test, women who did had more children and more education. Women who had previously had a Pap test also had one or more children and at least a high school education. Further, the results showed that written language was an independent predictor of prior Pap test experience, with bilingual (written Khmer and English) women more likely to report having had a Pap test. Implications for health education concerning early cervical cancer detection for Cambodian women are discussed.

ISSN:0160-6379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The burdens of giving care to a chronically ill or dependent family member can be overwhelming. While support groups and individual counseling assist the caregiver in coping with these burdens, recognition of the individual family structure is useful when developing successful clinical interventions. Minuchin's structural family model highlights an individual's need of group support for survival, socialization, and emotional stability. Using this framework within a family case study involving a three-generational family, interventions to decrease the family's caregiving burden are examined.

ISSN:0160-6379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This pilot study sought to describe the patterns of health risk factors and objective physical findings in well rural Appalachian women. A retrospective chart review was conducted of the records of 50 women who received a health history, physical examination, and appropriate laboratory testing as part of a rural community wellness project. The most prevalent risk factors found were past or present smoking, history of lung disease, physical inactivity, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia. Higher numbers of risk factors per person were correlated with lower levels of education. The most prevalent physical findings were systolic blood pressure greater than 140 and diastolic greater than 90, diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 with normal systolic, total cholesterol greater than 240, low-density lipoprotein levels greater than 130, and greater than 20% over ideal weight. This sample reveals a high prevalence of risk factors for the leading causes of mortality in middle-aged women, partially accounted for by low formal education levels, poverty, and limited access to health care.

ISSN:0160-6379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article reports on a descriptive study of perceptions of health and health promoting behaviors among diverse elders. A tool combining open-ended questions, Wallston's Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) tool, and Pender's Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) was used to obtain data on definition of health, health locus of control, and health behaviors, respectively, among elderly retired nuns. The 50 respondents scored highest on internal locus of control on the MHLC. The highest HPLP scores related to nutrition and self-actualization. Exercise and nutrition-related behaviors were the most frequently reported health practices. Open-ended responses revealed a multidimensional understanding of health. This research contributes to an understanding of health perceptions and practices among this little-studied population.

ISSN:0160-6379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0160-6379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID