摘要:

This article presents a comparative analysis of chronic disease prevalence among older Koreans and non-Hispanic whites residing in Los Angeles County. The authors conducted a multivariate analysis that explores the impact of socioeconomic status, other sociodemographic variables, and social isolation on disease prevalence. The results reveal that while older Koreans have a higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease and diabetes, older non-Hispanic whites are disadvantaged for stroke and cancer. Furthermore, socioeconomic status indicators do not eliminate ethnic differences in disease in any substantial way. Health prevention and promotion intervention should consider the effect that Korean health practices may have on disease, as well as the role that cultural values, beliefs, and attitudes may have on the management of chronic disease and prevention efforts among the Korean population.

ISSN:0160-6379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article describes the development of a first-generation inventory tool to assess the health and health promotion behaviors of poor, rural women in Alabama. Women in southern rural regions are especially vulnerable, bearing and raising children in single-parent households. It is unlikely that this region will ever have adequate health care resources. Thus, it is imperative that rural dwellers be self-sufficient, yet have available to them a culturally relevant, accessible, and appropriate health care delivery system that fits within the context of their lives. The study used an ethnographic strategy to elicit low-income women's views of health and health promotion. A central descriptive process used by these women was identified as “being able to do for oneself and one's family.” Major themes were rural wisdom, our own and others needs, and health habits. The second stage of this study was developing an instrument based on 17 subthemes. Findings from initial pilot testing of the instrument suggest that distinctions between health promotion and health maintenance may be more meaningful to health care professionals than to the women themselves. Further, for individuals with a chronic, asymptomatic illness, adhering to treatment recommendations may be akin to health promotion behaviors.

ISSN:0160-6379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Results are reported of a descriptive study of factors associated with parental actions to reduce childhood lead exposure. Data were provided by parents of 271 children whose blood lead levels (BLL) were <10 µg/dL. Parental reports of believing that the child's exposure was excessive and of having prior knowledge of lead's risks were both significantly associated with parental action to reduce lead exposure. Parental descriptions of actions to reduce exposure were analyzed qualitatively to identify underlying intentions, which were synthesized in a Model of Parental Control of Childhood Lead Exposure. Considering parents as key actors in controlling exposure has important implications for primary and secondary prevention.

ISSN:0160-6379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to identify determinants of violent and nonviolent behavior among a group of vulnerable inner-city youths. Students attending schools known to be at high risk for violence (n=521) were administered an anonymous questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis predicted violent behavior from youths who are exposed to violence, are gang members, have family or friends who are gang members, and have peer support. Nonviolent behavior was predicted from youths who have adult social support, view religion as important, are younger, and are female. This sstudy supports the role of certain factors in mitigating violent behavior among vulnerable youths

ISSN:0160-6379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of medication dispensers by caregivers in residential care homes would improve medication administration. The sample included 27 caregivers of 78 individuals receiving 191 prescribed medications. Caregivers were randomly divided into two groups. The control group, using traditional medication administration methods, included 13 caregivers who supervised 111 regularly scheduled medications to 46 patients. The experimental group, using the 7-day medication dispenser, included 14 caregivers who administered 80 medications to 32 patients. Medication administration and error rate were observed for three consecutive weeks for each caregiver. The results showed that the control group had 149 errors compared with 30 errors by the experimental group. A chi-square analysis showed that the proportion of individuals who were given their medications correctly (without duplications or omissions) was significantly greater for the medication dispenser group than for the control group (p<.01). The increased accuracy of the caregivers using the medication dispenser occurred during the second and third weeks of study. The findings were confounded by a difference between caregiver groups in the number of residents per home. The majority of caregivers thought that the medication dispensers were easier to use, less time consuming, and more convenient than the traditional medication bottle method.

ISSN:0160-6379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

For the last ten years the Montefiore Care for the Homeless Team has provided health care to a diverse homeless population of the Bronx, New York. Homeless persons are seen at soup kitchens, family shelters, and a women's assessment shelter. The team includes nurse practitioners, a supervising physician, a psychiatric clinical nurse specialist, a social worker, a health educator, and medical assistants. Yearly descriptions of patient demographics, continuity measures, diagnoses, interventions, and referral patterns are presented over a four-year period. These reveal that an increasing number and diversity of services have been provided by nurse practitioners who address social problems and preventive care in addition to providing direct clinical care for a range of acute and chronic health problems. Providing services at on-site premises has been a strategy to build relationships with shelter and soup kitchen staff, improve patient participation, and foster social support. Close affiliation with a community health center provides a reliable referral resource and readily available physician consultation. A multidisciplinary team approach addresses barriers to health care services for the homeless population and contributes to improved provider retention.

ISSN:0160-6379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Various models of physician participation in Medicaid have been developed through the exclusive use of physician surveys or Medicaid claim records. In an attempt to make the participation model more holistic, this research takes an alternative tactic considering the perspectives of first-time patients attempting to gain prenatal care appointment information. Analysis was done on 221 obstetrician-gynecologists in the Chicago area regarding whether they do or do not accept Medicaid recipients for prenatal care. Only 81 (36.7%) of physicians accepted new Medicaid patients. Further, the office support of those physicians who accept Medicaid patients was much more likely to be helpful to patients seeking appointment information. These results indicate that access to office-based prenatal care for poorer, urban populations is limited, especially for populations who often need specialized care. Overall, it is argued that the physicians' receptiveness model that is introduced with this research provides a more complete picture of access barriers for the country's most needy populations.

ISSN:0160-6379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0160-6379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0160-6379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0160-6379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID