DOI:10.1049/pi-b-1.1956.0001

出版商:IEE    

年代:1956

数据来源: IET

DOI:10.1049/pi-b-1.1956.0002

出版商:IEE    

年代:1956

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The proton synchrotron being built at Geneva for the European Council for Nuclear Research employs a new magnetic focusing priciples, and minor irregularities in the magnets will cause perturbations in the free oscillations of the magnets will cause perturbations in the free oscillations of the protons. In order to find out the conditions under which the amplitude of these oscillations will not increase indefinitely, calculations have been made using the Pilot Ace.The Paper deals with the mathematical aspects of two kinds of calculations in which methods for evaluting integrals of the type∫0γ(1−k2sin2t)−1/2dt (∫0γ(1−k2sinh2t)−1/2dt)are developed. These methods also show how to evalute the upper limit γ when the integrals are known.

DOI:10.1049/pi-b-1.1956.0004

出版商:IEE    

年代:1956

数据来源: IET

摘要:

In distribution networks, the power generated or consumed at the various busbars is usually known, together with the voltage of one busbar and a specification of how the system losses are supplied; the information most useful to the power engineer is a list of the corresponding current flows and voltages throughout the network.The paper sets out a technique for carrying out this work with an automatic digital computer, with special reference to programming devices which have been found useful. The work was done on the Manchester Universal Digital Computer, and information about speeds of computation of a typical example is given. The example chosen is a “closed loop” system—i.e. the product of the vector transformation ratios around any loop taken in a common direction is unity.

DOI:10.1049/pi-b-1.1956.0005

出版商:IEE    

年代:1956

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The paper is addressed primarily to those power-system engineers who are interested in the possible applications to their work of high-speed digital computers. Flow diagrams and such technical details are not given in the text, since the methods of solution for the three problems specifically mentioned are already standard mathematical routines arising in many other fields of engineering. For the same reason, the main objectives in power-system design and operation are touched upon, but only in enough detail to place in perspective the matters subsequently treated.Three distinct types of problem are discussed: economic load dispatching, load curve analysis and 3-phase circuit calculations. In each case some computational difficulties and existing methods of solution are mentioned, the solution by means of the Deuce is outlined and some practical limitations to the theoretical approach are considered.The problems have been chosen in order to include examples from the fields of interconnected system operation, power distribution and general system engineering. It has therefore been necessary to attempt to reconcile this breadth of coverage of the subject with adequate description of the mathematical and practical considerations. A number of other problems are mentioned in the main text and in a Section at the end of the paper.

DOI:10.1049/pi-b-1.1956.0006

出版商:IEE    

年代:1956

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The analysis of electric circuits by matrix methods is well established as a means for obtaining differential equations relating the electric quantities to the impedance properties of the circuit. A brief summary is given of the mesh method of circuit analysis and a procedure is derived for expressing the resulting equations as simultaneous first-order differential equations. Reference is made to a digital-computer programme by which equations of this type are solved using a step-by-step method; non-linear features are dealt with by supplementing the programme with a set of special instructions.Ideal rectifying elements are regarded as switches whose opening and closing are either partly or entirely dependent on currents and voltages; the difficulties introduced by their presence in a network are discussed in general terms. Two special programmes are described which were made for the computer Deuce, dealing respectively with problems associated with 3-phase and 2-phase power-rectifier installations. An example is given of the calculation of the input and output currents of a 2-phase rectifier operating under steady-state conditions; another programme is used to make a harmonic analysis of the results.The need is discussed for a general programme incorporating certain non-linear features and capable of dealing with rectifier circuits for which there are less than a certain number of equations. A description is given of an iterative method for dealing with rectifying elements. The method is capable of yielding solutions of any desired accuracy, and mathematical justification is given. A scheme for a general programme based on the method is described and the range of possible applications is discussed.

DOI:10.1049/pi-b-1.1956.0007

出版商:IEE    

年代:1956

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The value of the digital computer as an aid to the electrical design engineer is discussed in the light of the authors' extensive use of the Manchester University Computer during the past three years.Three examples of this kind of application are described; the examples relate to problems concerning impulse-voltage distribution on transformer windings, supply-frequency ripple on transductor performance, and the starting torque of a synchronous motor.

DOI:10.1049/pi-b-1.1956.0008

出版商:IEE    

年代:1956

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The paper outlines the possibilities of designing transformers with a digital computer and sets forth a general method of approach. Programming techniques for a particular design are discussed, and it is shown how the computer can be made to take logical decisions and cause rapid convergence of the transformer characteristics to the desired results.The speed and capacity of the computer make possible optimization studies on a scale hitherto impracticable, and will also ultimately enable each and every design to be calculated on a more rigorous fundamental basis.

DOI:10.1049/pi-b-1.1956.0009

出版商:IEE    

年代:1956

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The paper describes a programme which has been prepared for a high-speed digital computer for calculating speed/time curves, energy consumption and motor heating for a train with given characteristics travelling on a given route. The analysis prior to the preparation of the programme is given in some detail to illustrate the preliminary work necessary before a problem can be solved on one of these machines. The results of a sample calculation of the performance of d.c. 4-motor-coach trains on the Liverpool Street-Shenfield line of the Eastern Region of British Railways are given and compared with actual performance.The possibility of using digital machines in connection with a number of other traction problems is also discussed. These problems are fuel-economy studies, the design of overhead structures, weight-transference calculations, the spacing and loading of substations, the study of rectifier harmonics, the compilation of timetables and traffic cost studies.

DOI:10.1049/pi-b-1.1956.0010

出版商:IEE    

年代:1956

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The behaviour of a linear servo-mechanism may be described by a set of linear first-order simultaneous differential equations. The programme applies, however, to other problems that can be described similarly and to partial differential equations which can be reduced to this form by finite-difference approximations.The digital differential analyser and similar analogue devices are considered, but a general-purpose machine is more versatile. A form of Runge-Kutta formula for the numerical integration of the equations is described.Each coefficient in the set of equations may be described by a code word which specifies both its magnitude and location. An interpretation routine examines these code words in turn and evaluates the derivatives required in the integration formula.The solution for any variable may be punched out or displayed on a cathode-ray tube, and parameters are easily varied when searching for an optimum design. By adding suitable sub-routines the general programme is easily adapted to handle non-linear systems.The technique is most useful for supplementing preliminary studies on a simple analogue computer and is more adaptable for non-linear systems.A simple worked example is used to illustrate the principles without assuming previous experience of either numerical analysis or computing machines.

DOI:10.1049/pi-b-1.1956.0011

出版商:IEE    

年代:1956

数据来源: IET