摘要:

This paper attempts to identify the potential role of a data base management system (DBMS) in the environment of an IPM program. Four general types of applications for such a system are discussed. These are: (1) terminal access to stored data; (2) compiling and summarizing scout data; (3) interfacing the IPM data base with other sources of on-line data such as weather, marketing, and forecast models; (4) inter-program data exchange. These categories are discussed on the premise that none of them could be achieved in a statewide IPM program without DBMS technology.Implementation requirements needed to establish an IPM DBMS are also discussed. These requirements include consideration of cooperative personnel, data acquisition strategies, computer hardware and software requirements, and documentation and training. Each of these points is illustrated using the Kentucky and Michigan systems as examples.Finally, an IPM DBMS as a direct extension of the conventional information flow structure in a generalized IPM program is illustrated.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.5.475

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Effects of nocturnal wind velocities from 0 (calm) to 16.9 km/h on relative performance of 2 sex pheromone live insect traps were studied. Relative percentages of male tobacco budworm moths,Heliothis virescens(F.), caught in wind-vane traps and in inverted cone traps were correlated with average wind velocities between 1:00 and 4:00 AM.Of the basic traps, inverted single-cone traps caught more moths at relatively low, 0–9.6 km/h, air velocities, and wind-vane traps caught more moths at higher, 9.6–16 km/h, nocturnal wind velocities. Of modified traps, inverted double-cone traps caught more moths than wind-vane traps with winds as high as 16 km/h.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.5.483

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AdultBrachymeria lasuspreferentially select conditioned hollow styrofoam cubes over unconditioned cubes when choosing overnight aggregation sites. Conditioning is induced by a chemical(s) produced by adult conspecifics.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.5.486

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A test using marked flies was devised to determine if roadways or other open lanes through woodland are the major flight route used by femaleTabanusspp. (PrimarilyT. fusciocostatusandT. lineolaFab.) in long flights (≥ one km) in a south Louisiana bottomland hardwood forest. The usage of lane routes versus wooded routes was tested by comparing the number of marked tabanids that were recaptured at the end of each route. Statistical analysis revealed that 95% of these comparisons showed no significant difference (P>.05). These data and other considerations indicate that roadways are probably not used for the majority of long flights in South Louisiana forests.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.5.489

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Hemerobius pacificusoviposition closely followed the population densities ofMyzus persicaewhich peaked in late fall and declined to zero in spring in an untreated artichoke field. A second peak of oviposition by the predator followed the increasing populations of the artichoke plume moth (=APM),Platyptilia carduidactylain spring. WhereHemerobiuseggs were released, the aphid populations were reduced consistently, while the APM damage was reduced only at larval infestation levels of APM above 10%. Oviposition by wildHemerobiuswas lower in plots where aphids had been reduced by released predators. APM infestations were estimated to be lowered by 30% by wildHemerobiuspopulations, while hymenopterous parasites accounted for 14% of the larval mortality of APM. Protein + sugar food sprays applied 5 times during the year slightly increasedHemerobiusoviposition which in turn led to lower aphid populations and slightly reduced APM infestations.Hemerobius, the only common active predator in artichokes during winter, is considered an important control agent of aphids under cool conditions, and is a mortality factor of APM larvae.Hemerobiusshould be preserved in integrated control programs.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.5.492

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The functional response ofltoplectis behrensii(Cresson), an epidemic pupal parasite ofPhryganidia californicaPackard, was estimated from field data involving various host densities on the trunks of coast live oak,Quercus agrifoliaNeé. Pupal hosts were detected as uniformly distributed on the trunk surface at high host densities using a nearest neighbor index of dispersion. The number of parasitized pupae were recorded at 3-4 day intervals throughout host pupation for 4 consecutiveP. californicagenerations. A second degree polynomial curve was fitted to observed % parasitization at different host densities at 14 day intervals. Most generated curves were significant (at 5% level) to observed data. Minimum thresholds of parasite response were between 1 and 2 pupae/m2of trunk surface. Optimum host densities ranged between 6.6-13.2 pupae/m2. Maximum parasitization ranged between 20.3 and 55.2%. Host densities beyond the optium range showed a decreasing rate of parasitization indicating inverse density dependence. Based on the estimated functional response,I. behrensiiis more efficient at lower host densities between the minimum threshold and the optimim range.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.5.496

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Stocks ofTrioxys complanatusfrom California, Iran and Italy were compared to detect differences in climatic adaptation. Results showed the Italian stock was significantly less tolerant of extreme heat, suffering more mortality and displaying a slower developmental rate than the other 2. The Italian ecotype also failed to enter into the heat-induced, semi-protective aestival diapause that characterized portions of the other populations. Significant portions of all stocks entered a cold-induced diapause, although the Italian strain had a lower induction threshold. Daylength had no effect on diapause induction. All stocks interbred but a lower female-to-male ratio of offspring was found in all matings with Italian females. Responses reflect the climates of each stock's origin and indicate potential field success in the biological control of their host, the spotted alfalfa aphid.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.5.501

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Under natural conditions,Geocoris bullatus(Say),G. punctipes(Say), andG. uliginosus(Say) fed on 67 species of small (0.25—8.7 mm long) prey from 3 classes of arthropods (Insecta, Arachnida, and Diplopoda). Sessile, ambulatory, saltatory, and winged forms (many representing pest species) were successfully attacked. Most prey were not physically capable of injuring the attacker, and in many cases prey capture was effected without triggering the prey's defensive behaviors. Vegetative structures and occasionally seeds of herbaceous angiosperms (monocots and dicots) of several families constituted a small part of their diet, as did dead insects. As opportunistic polyphagous predators,Geocorisspp. are probably of great importance in the prevention of pest outbreaks in many agricultural, turfgrass, and natural habitats.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.5.508

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A life table study of the jack pine budwormChoristoneura pinusFreeman was superimposed on a stocking level study of dense jack pine in northern Minnesota to assess the relation of budworm numbers to density of stands. The analysis of population changes revealed that the survival rate of large larvae was most closely associated with survival of the whole generation. However, at low insect density small larva survival was more important. Stand density and associated male cone production accounted for a large part of the variation in budworm dispersal and survival rate of small larvae. During the declining phase of the infestation indirect evidence suggests there were changes in population quality associated with reduced male cone production. Above normal humidities and subnormal temperatures occurred during the larval stage the 3rd year when the infestation collapsed. Defoliation intensity was higher in the dense stands. Precommercial thinning from below in dense jack pine stands will maximize larval dispersal loss and minimize male cone production and defoliation.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.5.514

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Dispersal and time of oviposition of internally marked (Calco Oil Red N-1700®) navel orangeworm moths were observed in almond orchards by presence of marked eggs on oviposition traps. Positive anemotactic responses were clearly evident when unidirectional air movement predominated. When air movement varied, moths dispersed approximately equal proportions of their progeny at all distances up to 375 meters from the release site. Moth emergence occurred at sunset and was followed by a mating and pre-oviposition period of 24-48 h. Under hot summer temperature conditions, substantial oviposition began about 20 minutes after sunset, continued until midnight and was completed in one or 2 nights. The temperature threshold for oviposition activity was somewhat below 17.9°C, and when this was reached within one h of sunset, oviposition extended over at least 7 nights.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.5.525

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP