摘要:

SummaryEarlier findings have suggested that abnormal clumsiness in children is associated with a perceptual defect in the kinaesthetic modality, and with a defect of the translation between stimulus and response. In this experiment, perception was investigated by manipulating the requirement to discriminate between kinaesthetic stimuli, and the translation process by manipulating stimulus‐response compatibility. Consistent with earlier findings, the kinaesthetic reaction time of clumsy children was found to be longer than that of controls; but, although the requirement to discriminate between stimuli and incompatibility both lengthened reaction times, the increases were similar for clumsy and control groups. It is suggested that these negative findings may be attributable to a practice effect in the former, and to inadequate loading on the translation process in the latter. However, it is also suggested that the findings may indicate that clumsiness is associated with a defect in the cross‐modal translation of informat

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1996.tb00417.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIt has been recommended that all children should have their height and weight measured at school entry, although the disadvantages associated with screening and the benefits, in terms of a change in outcome, have not been fully established. The measuring equipment used in schools, recording of anthropometric data and adherence to local guidelines were assessed across one district. Few schools had the recommended equipment, problems with accuracy were common and screening coverage was low. The achievement of optimal outcome will require a reduction in the gap between local practice and recommended policy: guidelines should recognize difficulties encountered in the field.

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1996.tb00418.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWheras the 1981 Education Act led to emphasis on written statements of special educational needs for 2% of pupils, the 1993 Act seeks to recruit help for all children with such needs at earlier stages in the teaching process. Such help includes that available from the health services. The organization of health services has gone through considerable change since the 1993 Act was drafted so special efforts will be required to implement the intentions of the Act.

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1996.tb00419.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe findings of an international questionnaire study of 258 children, affected by the four main subtypes of mucopolysaccharidosis, are presented. Questionnaires were completed by a parent or main carer and all subjects were alive at the time of contact and suffering from Hurler, Hunter, Sanfilippo or Morquio syndrome. A significant proportion of parents of Hurler children (24%) were unaware that anything was wrong with their baby before diagnosis but a larger number (45%) had felt concerned about their child's appearance. Similarly, in the case of the Morquio children, in 75% of cases, parents had been worried about some aspect of their child's physical appearance, in contrast, it was frequently delayed or regressing language which alerted parents of Sanfilippo (56%) and Hunter (32%) children, and this was associated with behaviour problems in 43% of Sanfilippo cases. There were many cases of delayed diagnosis, often occurring more than 2 years after concerns were first raised.

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1996.tb00420.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySeveral factors are known to affect birthweight and their effects are variously mediated through gestational duration or through fetal growth conditional on this gestation, in order to quantify independent associations of birthweight conditional and unconditional on gestational age, all 2538 mothers of singleton babies delivered during 1993 in two Maternity Hospitals in Athens were interviewed and their obstetric records abstracted. Birthweight was modelled as outcome variable through multiple regression including 32 potentially predictive factors. The regression model was fitted with and without gestational age as an additional independent variable in order to apportion birthweight associations into those independent of, or mediated through, gestational length. The factors studied were found to be classifiable into the following categories: factors associated with birthweight mostly through increases in gestational duration, either positively (age at menarche, long menstrual cycles, parity 4 or higher), or negatively (single motherhood, maternal age, tobacco smoking); those associated with birthweight mostly through increase of birthweight conditional on gestational duration, either positively (male gender, short menstrual cycles, maternal pre‐pregnancy weight, anaemia, oedema) or inversely (employment during pregnancy, stillbirth, primiparity, pregnancy induced hypertension, coffee drinking); and those associated with birthweight through apparently dual effects, either positively (maternal education) or inversely (perceived stress, bleeding during pregnancy). The other studied factors were not demonstrably related to birthweight in this data set. Identification and quantification of these relations is useful for understanding underlying physiological and pathophysiological processes and for increasing specificity in exploring the association of birthweight with adult onset diseases, like coronary heart disease or cance

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1996.tb00421.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis study was set up to compare the frequency of health, educational and behavioural problems in a geographically defined birth cohort of 7‐year‐old children grouped by weight at birth. The study design was based on a multi‐stage postal survey, with sampling stratified by birthweight. It took place in the four counties of Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Berkshire and Northamptonshire which make up the former Oxford region. We studied 1319 live births to women resident in the former Oxford region in1985, including all those with birthweights under 1500 g, or whose weight was not recorded, and a sample of those who weighed 1500–2499 g, and of those who weighed 2500 g or more at birth. The children in the sample were traced through the National Health Service Central Register (NHSCR) and self‐administered questionnaires were sent to their parents, general practitioners (GP) and teachers. Of the 1169 children who were alive at the age of 7 years and were successfully traced, 805 (75%) were followed up by postal survey. The use of health services, and of additional educational support was higher, and school performance was poorer among children who had weighed less than 1500 g at birth than among children who had weighed 2500 g or more, with the rates for children who had weighed 1500–2499 g falling in between. This survey method identifies the higher rate of health and educational problems in children weighing under 2500 g at birth, particularly those with birthweight under 1500 g, compared with other children. The method could be developed to provide a way of monitoring any changes over time in the prevalence of these problems. This information can be used to assess the health and educational needs of 7‐year‐old children in

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1996.tb00422.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1996.tb00423.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY