摘要:

SummarySocial factors play a major role in determining the impact of epilepsy on families. This paper reviews the literature on the need's of families and their social networks, and services proposed for them. The predominantly negative picture presented in the ‘expert’ literature is compared with the more positive one presented in first‐hand studies of families' views and in the literature on children with other disabilities. The implications of these differing perspectives for service provision are disc

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1994.tb00370.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Conservation‐withdrawal is considered a biological non‐pathological process subserving survival in circumstances which pose an extreme threat to an infant, child or adult. Although initially described in an infant, its reported frequency in that age group seems sparse. Four infants are described, three of whom presented with weight loss. Despite their mothers' assertions that their breast feeding was adequate, the three infants gained weight rapidly on complementary feeding and became more responsive. Previously they had passively accepted sub‐optimal intakes, crying little and sleeping excessively. When their initial crying and objection went unheeded, they seemed to pass into a conservation‐withdrawal state, conserving their energies, biologically adapting to their mothers' inability to provide adequate nutrition. These infants did not appear ill and investigations proved normal. With adequate feeding, rapid improvement was observed in their weight gain, activity and responsiveness with normal development. Their mothers' selective denial of their own inadequate breast supply resulted in their inability to perceive their infants appropriately, depriving them of their nutritional needs. Additional factors of emotional deprivation and neglect may have occurred in the fourth infant. The responses of these infants observed during their period of severe stress, may appropriately be characterised by Engel's conservation‐withdra

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1994.tb00371.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAbnormal clumsiness in otherwise normal children has been recognized for many years, but the causes of this disorder are heterogeneous or unknown. Although equivocal, there is some evidence from reaction time studies suggesting that clumsiness is associated with a defect in perception of movement in the kinaesthetic modality and of motor programming. In this experiment clumsy children and matched controls performed simple and choice kinaesthetic reaction time tasks with either simple or complex responses. The requirement to discriminate between kinaesthetic stimuli was found to increase reaction time more for clumsy than for control children, but increasing response complexity had no significant effect on the reaction time of either group. These results were interpreted as suggesting that clumsiness is associated with a perceptual defect in the kinaesthetic modality, but providing no support for an association of clumsiness with a defect of motor programming.

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1994.tb00372.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryMuch recent research on families bringing up a disabled child has explored their coping strategies to deal with stress. The major findings are reviewed, and possible implications for the structure and content of service delivery suggested. The paper emphasizes the importance of social support networks, including the relationship between the mother and father, and of quality services in enhancing parental adaptation.

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1994.tb00373.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis study evaluated the comparative efficacy of antecedent exercise, methylphenidate (Ritalin), and placebo in the reduction of hyperactive behaviour in a pre‐school boy. A single‐case alternating treatments experimental design was employed for a total of 82 days. The dependent variable was the Conners' Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire. Antecedent exercise failed to reduce hyperactive behaviour. Methylphenidate produced significantly less hyperactive behaviour than both placebo and antecedent exercise (P = 0.0238). Neither methylphenidate nor antecedent exercise produced notable side‐effects as measured by the Monitoring of Side‐Effects Scale. These data add to a sparse literature on the effects of antecedent exercise and methylphenidate amongst pre‐school

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1994.tb00374.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this articles:Conflict in Child and Adolescent Developmentedited by C. Shantz&W. Hartup.Social Support and Motherhoodby Ann Oakley.Motor development in early and later childhood: longitudinal approachesedited by Alex F. KalverboerFriendship and Peer Relations in Childrenby Phil Erwin.A Guide to the Practice of Paediatric Endocrinologyby C. G. D. Brook.Textbook of Developmental Paediatricsby Margaret Pollak.

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1994.tb00375.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY