ISSN:0021-9304    

DOI:10.1002/jbm.820221302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9304    

DOI:10.1002/jbm.820221303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9304    

DOI:10.1002/jbm.820221304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9304    

DOI:10.1002/jbm.820221305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHigh‐energy irradiation sterilization of medical devices and implants composed of polymeric biomaterials that are in contact with tissue and/or blood, may adversely affect their long‐term mechanical and/or biological performance (tissue and/or blood compatibility). Since many polymeric implants may contain trace quantities of catalysts and/or other additives, the effect of high‐energy radiation on these additives, and possible synergistic effects with the polymer chains under the influence of high‐energy radiation, must be considered. It is essential to indicate whether polymeric implants are used in short‐term (acute) or long‐term (chronic) applications. Relatively small changes in their physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties may be tolerable in the short term, whereas similar changes may lead to catastrophic failures in long‐term applications. Therefore, polymeric implants which are to be sterilized by high‐energy irradiation should be carefully evaluated for long‐term property changes which may be induced

ISSN:0021-9304    

DOI:10.1002/jbm.820221306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMaterial specificity in implant‐tissue interactions derives primarily from the surface properties (chemical composition, microstructure, etc.) of the implant. This article addresses several questions related to implant and biomaterial surfaces: What is the status of real implant surfaces (composition, cleanliness, contamination, microstructure, etc.), and how does it vary with preparation procedures? Can the surface status be varied and analyzed in a controlled manner? How significant are surface status variations forin vivofunction? And so on. We discuss clean surfaces, how they are contaminated, and how the contamination may affect the properties. We also discuss different preparation procedures, such as conventional machining, plasma treatment, and sterilization. Three important conclusions are drawn: (i) The surface status of a particular implant material may vary widely depending on its preparation and handling history. (ii) The surface status of implants is expected to be important forin vivofunction, and should thus be controlled and standardized. (iii) It is usually not possible to predict how a change in surface status will affect the longterm,in vivofunction of an implan

ISSN:0021-9304    

DOI:10.1002/jbm.820221307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPresently no material is available which is entirely satisfactory for facial bone augmentation. These studies examine several of those already in clinical use, made from various polymers in solid, porous, and woven forms. Homograft bone has also been studied, as an implant material. All materials were used in situations for which they are currently recommended clinically. Bioglass (Bioglass is a trademark of the University of Florida) implants, which are suggested for clinical use, have been studied in the same model and results show that their surface activity provides a more satisfactory immobilization, both in the short and long term, than does the tissue ingrowth on which most of the other materials depend. Results show that in this model as well as in clinical practice, porous and woven materials provoke in tissues a continuing cellular response which will always compromise long‐term clinical success. Autograft bone has associated morbidity and is unpredictable with respect to its incorporation into host tissue and persistance at the site. Bioglass, however, was immobilized successfully at both hard and soft tissue interfaces without the need for porosity, could be satisfactorily shaped in the operating room, and, in addition, had the bonelike hardness which is not provided by any other available materia

ISSN:0021-9304    

DOI:10.1002/jbm.820221308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to determine the fatigue behaviour of a material, a standard procedure and methodology must be proposed and validated. This article describes a standard test method and statistical analysis for describing the fatigue properties of acrylic bone cement. It is proposed that bone cement fatigue data can be subjected to probability of failure (P) analysis and the establishment of a distribution function describing the data. It is also proposed that an Olgive type curve can be used to describe the stress (S) vs. cycles to failure (N) data. These two data sets can then be combined to determine theP–S–Nrelationship which fully describes the fatigue characteristics of the mater

ISSN:0021-9304    

DOI:10.1002/jbm.820221309

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRapid fibroblast ingrowth and collagen deposition occurs in a reconstituted type I collagen matrix that is implanted on fullthickness excised animal dermal wounds. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of direct current stimulation on dermal fibroblast ingrowth using carbon fiber electrodes incorporated into a collagen sponge matrix. Preliminary results suggest that fibroblast ingrowth and collagen fiber alignment are increased in collagen sponges stimulated with direct currents between 20 and 100 μA. Maximum fibroblast ingrowth into the collagen sponge is observed near the cathode at a current of 100 μA. These results suggest that electrical stimulation combined with a collagen matrix may be a method to enhance the healing of chronic dermal wound

ISSN:0021-9304    

DOI:10.1002/jbm.820221310

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9304    

DOI:10.1002/jbm.820221311

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY