摘要:

Input:output budgets of water and macronutrients over two years are reported for three cover types (unmodified snow tussock grassland; induced short (c. 10 cm) blue tussock grassland; bare soil) in replicated non-weighing lysimeters from seven upland sites, four on the Lammerlaw Range (487 m–976 m), Waipori Ecological District, Eastern Otago and three on the Rock and Pillar Range (1000 m – 1340 m), Rock and Pillar Ecological District, Central Otago. Values for alpineCelmisia viscosaherbfield and for a ryegrass — white clover pasture are included for the highest and lowest sites, respectively.

ISSN:0303-6758    

DOI:10.1080/03036758.1990.10426730

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron from a suite of granitoid clasts in a Late Triassic conglomerate of the Kawhia Syncline, New Zealand, yields an age of 226 ± 6 (2σ) Ma. This age falls within the range of sedimentary ages for the conglomerate (Late Carnian — Early Norian), an implies rapid uplift and erosion of the clast protolith, and rapid transport and deposition of the derived material. Petrographic, chemical and isotopic characteristics of the suite are consistent with a volcanic arc tectonic setting; a possible protolith could be a northwards continuation of the Permo-Triassic Brook Street magmatic arc.

ISSN:0303-6758    

DOI:10.1080/03036758.1990.10426731

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Graeme Caughley (1988) has proposed that the initial Polynesian colonisation of New Zealand followed a pattern of radial expansion, which proceeded at a velocity determined by population growth, and was probably centred upon the north-east coast of the South Island. We argue that his model is not, in fact, consistent with radiocarbon dates for New Zealand's early pre-European settlement. To do so we follow precisely the same statistical method, but use a larger sample of radiocarbon dates from moa-hunting sites than Caughley used. We then discuss the results in terms of Caughley's Kaikoura models and with respect to other cases of human colonisation. We conclude that a model of chaotic colonisation better fits the data than one of patterned colonisation. A second objective of this paper is to challenge Caughley's explanation of the course of moa (Dinornithiformes) extinction. His preferred model of human settlement proposed that rapid localised extinctions had coincided with the front of advancing colonisation. We argue that the period of co-existence between moas and people was much longer locally than Caughley estimates, and that archaeological cases, potentially at variance with this argument, represent a more serious threat than he concluded.

ISSN:0303-6758    

DOI:10.1080/03036758.1990.10426732

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Four new species and one new subspecies of New Zealand skinks, genusLeiolopisma, identified on the basis of allozyme and morphological variation, are described:L. inconspicuumn. sp.,L. maccannin. comb.,L. microlepisn. sp.,L. notosaurusn. sp., andL. nigriplantare polychroman. ssp. A morphological key for identifying these species is provided, and the practical difficulties of identifying morphologically cryptic species are discussed.

ISSN:0303-6758    

DOI:10.1080/03036758.1990.10426733

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Three Mini-Sosie™ seismic reflection profiles across part of southern Wairarapa, North Island, with a combined length of 22 km roughly normal to the main structural trend, reveal shallow crustal structure down to a depth of 1.5 km in upper Cenozoic strata hidden below upper Quaternary gravel deposits. Our stratigraphic correlation of the seismic data is based on the closest mapped outcrops, as there are no deep drill-holes. (™ Trademark of Societe Nationale Elf Aquitane). A profile across the Huangarua Valley, 5 km southeast of Martinborough (Line 101,3 km long) defines an asymmetrical syncline verging southeastward and formed during the last one million years, as previously described from geological outcrop.

ISSN:0303-6758    

DOI:10.1080/03036758.1990.10426734

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Two terrestrial brachyuran grapsid crabs are recorded from the Taveuni Is. in the Fiji group:Sesarma (Sesarmops) impressum, andGeograpsus crinipes. These new records, plus previous records of grapsid crabs (S. (Parasesarma) lenzii, S. (P.) leptosoma, S. (Labuanium) rotundatum, S. (Neosarmatium) smithii, S. (Labuartium) trapezoideum, S. (Perisesarma) bidens, Geograpsus grayi, Varuna litterata) and the gecarcinid crabs (Cardisoma longipes, C. carnifex, C. hirtipes and Gecarcoidea lalandii), bring the total known Fiji fauna to fourteen species. Further collecting is likely to reveal many more species.

ISSN:0303-6758    

DOI:10.1080/03036758.1990.10426735

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The development of tephra studies in New Zealand may be divided into four main periods: Period 1, late 19th century to late 1920s; Period 2, late 1920s to early 1950s; Period 3, early 1950s to 1973; Period 4, 1973 to late 1980s. The important events and advances that characterise each of these periods, and their causes and influences, are described with reference to contemporary scientists and their publications. Period 1; determination by dendrochronology of first numerical age of a prehistorical eruptive (Burrell Lapilli); first isopach map (Tarawera Tephra). Period 2: first tephra mapping in central North Island (for soil survey). Period 3: first use ofl4C dating; establishment of late Quaternary tephrostratigraphic framework by ‘hand-over-hand’ mapping in central North Island and Taranaki; initial development of tephra ‘fingerprinting’ using laboratory methods; application of tephrochronology to many disciplines. Period 4: revision and refinement of proximal stratigraphy, particularly in central TVZ calderas and on Mayor Island; extension of tephra mapping to distal regions, on and offshore, and to older deposits; advances in tephra correlation and dating methods; new tephrochronological applications; revolutionary studies of pyroclastic deposits for determining nature and effects of eruptions (physical volcanology and petrology); renewed awareness of volcanic hazards associated with tephra eruptions. The advances relate to indigenous, external, and ‘individualistic’ factors. They generally parallelled overseas trends but in some topics preceded or lagged behind them. Tephra studies, or “tephrology”, may be regarded as having “come of age” early in the 1980s, about 100 years after the first tephrostratigraphic studies in New Zealand.

ISSN:0303-6758    

DOI:10.1080/03036758.1990.10426736

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor