ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1989.tb00363.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1989.tb00364.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.In this study we assess whether a population of donor inseminated women (ADI) provides an efficient alternative to an open population of women of reproductive age to study the effects of risk habits (cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption) on reproductive and perinatal health. An ADI population can be prospectively monitored before and after pregnancy; women enter the programme because of their husband's infertility. In the pilot clinic every couple asking for first insemination was requested to fill in a self‐administered questionnaire on risk habits and the use of medicine. Medical histories of both the man and woman were taken. In 1986 and 1987, 519 women entered the programme. The response rate was 95%. Distribution of the exposure variables of the women currently smoking (52%) and currently drinking (68%) compared well with a general population survey from the town of Rotterdam. With regard to their risk habits and reproductive health, the population of women married to totally infertile men seems representative of women of reproductive age from an open populatio

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1989.tb00365.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The aim of this study is to identify social preventive measures in an attempt to prevent pre‐term birth in pregnant women who work under strenuous conditions. A study carried out in 50 factories allowed us to gather data on 1168 pregnancies that occurred during 1 year and to study the modifications in working conditions now granted to pregnant women in many firms in France. We observed a significant relationship between ‘episodes of sick leave’ prescribed especially for fatigue (without any pathological reason) and a lower preterm birth rate. The potential benefit of rest‐periods, granted to pregnant women working in strenuous conditions, is di

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1989.tb00366.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Comparisons of birthweights of single livebirths in Hungary and Norway reveal distributions to have similar shapes; however, in the case of Hungary the distribution is shifted to the left, i.e. towards lower weights. In the registration of pregnancy outcomes, almost identical definitions are applied in the two countries, and the observed difference in distributions of birthweights is taken to reflect that Norwegian livebirths, are on average about 300 g heavier than Hungarian livebirths. Employing the method of analysis of birthweight and perinatal mortality suggested by Wilcox&Russell, it can be demonstrated that the proportions of births in the residual distributions of birthweights in the two countries are of the same magnitude and that the relative differences in first week mortality risks are similar for all birthweights. These results are taken to support the conclusion that to use a cut‐off point of 2500 g in defining low birthweight, which will result in a two fold higher proportion of such infants in Hungary compared to Norway, is unwarranted, as it will falsely convey the impression of relatively more obstetric and paediatric problems in Hungar

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1989.tb00367.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Information concerning all 10 859 singleton deliveries in Greece in April 1983, were analysed to assess the contribution of socioeconomic factors to the perinatal mortality rate. Statistically significant associations were initially found with parental eduction, parental ages, duration of marriage, paternal occupation and parity. There was no association with maternal smoking habit, maternal occupation during pregnancy, type of health insurance or housing conditions. Once logistic regression analyses had taken account of the strong parity effect (P<0.0001), only a moderate association with maternal age (P<0.05) remained statistically significant, together with a marginally significant (P<0.05) association with maternal education level. Mothers who were moderately well educated had the lowest risk of loosing their baby. It is concluded that traditional measures of social deprivation appeared to have little effect on perinatal mortality in Greece in 1983.

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1989.tb00368.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Necrotising enterocolitis is the most common gastrointestinal complication of pre‐term infants. In order to determine the strength of the association of hypoxia/ischaemia and infection as causative factors in necrotising enterocolitis, we evaluated all liveborn pre‐term infants with a birthweight<1500 g and/or gestational age<32 weeks in The Netherlands in 1983. The factors related to hypoxia/ischaemia included: asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, ventilatory assistance, persistent fetal circulation, persistent ductus arteriosus, apnoea, bradycardia, exchange transfusion and peri/intraventricular haemorrhage; those related to infection were: congenital infections, pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis. Of the 1338 infants enrolled, 1187 survived for more than 24 hours and had complete data. Mean (pLs.d.) birthweight was 1278 (pL297) g and mean (pLs.d.) gestational age 30.7 (pL2.6) weeks. Seventy‐three (6.1%) infants developed necrotising enterocolitis: 46 (63.0%) stage I disease (clinically very suspect), 11 (15.1%) stage II (pneumatosis intestinalis) and 16 (21.9%) stage III (intestinal perforation). Mean pL s.d. birthweight of the infants with necrotising enterocolitis (1197 pL 284 g) was lower (P<0.02) than in those without necrotising enterocolitis (1283 pL 297 g). Gestational ages were comparable. Mortality in the group with necrotising enterocolitis was 21.9% versus 15.8% in the non‐necrotising enterocolitis group (NS). Stepwise logistic regression analysis indicated that among those factors studied, only sepsis and birthweight were truly associated with the occurrence of necrotising entero

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1989.tb00369.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The incidence of neural tube defects was monitored among all live‐ and still‐births delivered between June 1986 and July 1988. In all there were 19115 total births. The incidence of neural tube defects (NTD) was 1.9 per 1000 among those whose conception time was prior to May 1986. However, in conceptions occurring in May, June and July 1986, the NTD rate increased to a level of 8.9 per 1000, subsequently gradually declining to previous levels within 9 months. This dramatic change in incidence, which parallels a previous finding from Turkey, suggests that this finding may be associated with the Chernobyl disaster of May 1

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1989.tb00370.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.In a case/control study of 8059 matched pairs, the effect of maternal exposure to drugs and illnesses during pregnancy on the relative risk (RR) of cancer in the child was investigated using conditional logistic regression techniques. Acute respiratory infections, particularly viral infections such as influenza, were associated with a significantly increased RR of all childhood cancers and of neoplasms of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) in particular, (RR = 1.69 all cancers, RR = 1.81 RES neoplasms, RR = 1.59 solid cancers). An analysis of illnesses according to their physiological effects yielded a significant association between childhood leukaemia and febrile illnesses (RR = 1.27 RES neoplasms). A significant increase in RR was associated with maternal history of epilepsy (RR = 1.31 all cancers) rather than with exposure to anticonvulsant drugs. Vaccines showed a pattern of RR similar to that of acute viral infections. Consumption of antipyretics and analgesics significantly increased the RR of childhood cancer (RR = 1.36 all cancers). An analysis of drugs according to their metabolic reactions yielded a significant association between those undergoing amino acid conjugation (predominantly antipyretics and analgesics) and childhood cancer risk (RR = 1.76 solid cancers).

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1989.tb00371.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Birthplace.Report of the Confidential Enquiry into Facilities Available at the Place of Birth. Conducted by the National Birthday Trust. Edited byGeoffrey Chamberlain&Philippa Gunn:Conduct Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence.ByA.E. Kazdin.Using and Understanding Medical Statistics.2nd Revised Edition byD.E. Matthews&V.T. Farewell.Child Health in a Changing Society.Edited byJ. O. ForfarEpidemiology, Health and Society — Selected Papers.Edited byM. SusserHealth of Nordic Children — Children's Health and Well‐Being in the Nordic Countries.Clinics in Developmental Medicine, No. 98. ByL. Kohler&G. Jako

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1989.tb00372.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY