ISSN:1340-9654    

DOI:10.3109/01443619309151752

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe classical distinction between postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis still has some validity. Vertebral body fracture (postmenopausal osteoporosis) presenting clinically with severe back pain is uncommon, but requires treatment to reduce the risk of further fracture; asymptomatic vertebral body collapse is common (20 per cent prevalence in one survey). Fracture in old age with minor trauma (senile osteoporosis) affects most sites in that the risk of fracture is related to bone mineral density, but hip fracture has by far the greatest clinical and public health importance. Preventive strategies can significantly reduce fracture risk. Important population strategies include exercise, smoking cessation and hormone replacement therapy (if maintained for a long period). Institutionalised or infirm elderly people constitute a high risk group; the avoidance of immobility is important and vitamin D supplementation may be. The selective use of interventions in a minority of the population identified by measurement of bone mineral density will have little impact on the incidence of hip fracture-it is too poor a screening test.

ISSN:1340-9654    

DOI:10.3109/01443619309151753

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTwo important determinants of bone density should be considered when establishing strategies for preventing osteoporosis: peak bone mass and subsequent rate of bone loss. Peak bone mass is both genetically determined and influenced by environmental factors such as exercise and dietary calcium. The benefit of exercise is mitigated if it is not weight-bearing, or if it reduces oestrogen production by delaying the menarche or disturbing menstrual function.Oestrogen deficiency is the major determinant of bone loss in perimenopausal women. However, weight-bearing exercise and high dietary calcium appear to limit bone loss during the first 5 to 10 years after the menopause. Prescribing for the prevention of osteoporosis should include individual advice concerning the patient's lifestyle.

ISSN:1340-9654    

DOI:10.3109/01443619309151754

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBone density measurements were obtained using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 55 patients (26 with spinal osteoporosis and 29 with osteopenia) before and after treatment for 1 year with cyclical etidronate. Bone density increased significantly in the spine (4-5 per cent,P<0001). In the femur, no significant change was found in the femoral neck or trochanter but there was an increase in Ward's triangle (6-1 per cent,P<001).This study provides additional data as to the efficacy of etidronate with regard to increasing spinal bone mass and conserving bone mass in the femur.

ISSN:1340-9654    

DOI:10.3109/01443619309151755

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPostmenopausal osteoporosis is a major public health problem. Women at increased risk can now be detected, enabling effective therapeutic intervention. Hormone replacement therapy is well established for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, but alternative treatments are necessary. Calcitonin is an anti-resorptive peptide hormone which has been shown to prevent postmenopausal bone loss. Calcitonin can now be administered by intranasal spray and has been shown to be effective in the treatment of osteoporosis. It may be particularly useful in older women who are less tolerant of hormone replacement therapy.

ISSN:1340-9654    

DOI:10.3109/01443619309151756

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryClinical studies with progestagens indicate an antiresorptive effect on bone and suggest they stimulate bone formation. Protection against bone loss is weaker than that with oestrogen. The more oestrogen-like progestagens may have a greater protective effect. In menstruating women progestagens cause ovarian suppression which outweighs any potential benefit with respect to bone.For postmenopausal women who do not wish to experience cyclical bleeding, tibolone seems appropriate for prevention of osteoporosis.

ISSN:1340-9654    

DOI:10.3109/01443619309151757

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1340-9654    

DOI:10.3109/01443619309151758

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY