摘要:

AbstractSuspected environmental risk factors for congenital limb anomalies include pesticide exposure to a woman at home or in the workplace. To examine the relationship between congenital limb defect in the infant and pesticide exposure in pregnancy, data on exposure of 155 mothers of limb deficient children born between 1970 and 1981, and 274 matched normal controls, were compared. Case mothers and their matched controls were divided into two groups, those who reported a pesticide exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy and those who did not. The exposure was placed in one of three categories, dependent on proximity of the mother to the source, and the circumstances surrounding use. Statistical analysis indicated a significant association of congenital limb defects with pesticides. A greater risk was associated with exposures to which the woman was in close proximity. When a woman was exposed more than once, there was an increase in risk of limb defect in the child.

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00073.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDiscontinuance in seeking dental care has been reported in the transition from school‐based to community‐based dental services at the beginning of adolescence. It has been speculated that users of school‐based dental services may develop an institutional orientation rather than a self‐reliance in seeking dental care. The present study investigated the transition from school‐based to community‐based dental services by adolescents aged 12 to 17 years old. The probability of having visited a dental provider in the previous 12 months was not associated with previous enrolment in school‐based dental services. Discontinuance in seeking dental care was best explained by socio‐demographic and dental system variables linked to use of community‐based dental services. The implications were that the solutions to discontinuance in seeking dental care lie with the identification of important factors in adolescents' use of community‐ba

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00074.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMeasurement of height, weight, skinfold, blood pressure and lipoprotein lipids were carried out as a part of a cardiovascular risk factor survey in Fiji in 1983. Observations were limited to urban and island‐dwelling Melanesians and it was found that, while the urban population was fatter than the island dwellers, their systolic pressures were significantly lower in both men and women. Removal of subjects previously diagnosed as having hypertension in both populations left the island population with higher systolic pressures than the urban group but the difference was no longer significant at the 5 per cent level.Lipoprotein lipids were broadly similar in the two populations with values similar to New Zealand Caucasians. There were no differences in high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels between the two population groups, nor were there differences between men and women.A total of 24 men and women were known cases of coronary heart disease at the time of the survey, a further 47 had symptoms suggestive of the disorde

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00075.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEstimating the economic costs of a disease is an important prerequisite to determining the costs and benefits of various preventive programs. For preventive programs, incidence‐based costing is a more appropriate means of estimation than is prevalence‐based costing. In this study the cost of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in New South Wales has been estimated using an incidence‐based approach. The calculated cost of AMI in 1979 was $301.0 million, made up of $32.3 million as direct costs and $268.7 million as indirect costs. In a sensitivity analysis, the cost was shown to be most sensitive to the incidence of AMI, the discount rate, and the assumption of a wage for housework. Both the direct costs and indirect costs per case are substantially higher in the United States than in Australia, and this reflects higher physician charges, higher hospital costs, and in the case of indirect costs, higher average weekly ear

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00076.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA redefinition of family relationships in increasingly psychological terms has been an important development in industrial capitalist societies since the nineteenth century. This paper explores the role of professional ‘experts’, especially doctors, psychologists, kindergarteners and the like, in changing patterns of childrearing and possibly increasing stress on parents. The implications for women have been considerable. As mothers, they have borne the brunt of the professionals' advice, but they have also entered the professions and formed lay groups concerned with particular aspects of childbearing and rearing. The paper discusses the theoretical significance of these developments in terms of understanding the role of the professional middle class in social cha

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00077.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00078.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe freqency of food use of twenty‐five oil refinery operators aged 26 to 59 years was studied on short rotation shift work. Each of the workers was interviewed on day, night and afternoon shift to obtain a 24‐hour qualitative record of food intake. A number of significant differences (p<0.05) were found between different shifts in the frequency of food use, and appeared to be related to changes in the type of meal consumed and the availability of food at the work

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00079.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper utilises a case study approach to the emergence of the division of labour in health care. Such a phenomenon, the key feature of which is medical dominance, needs to be examined through the historical sociology of different medical occupations. In this case study the occupation of Ambulance Officer is analysed. From basically entailing driving the sick and injured to hospital, the work of Ambulance Officer has expanded to an established paramedical location in the social structure of health care delivery. Other themes in the sociohistorical development of Ambulance Officers examined include its voluntary origins, gender, industrial organisation, training and careers; as well as the development of its status as ‘adjunct’ to medic

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00080.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA halfway house for abstinent alcohol dependants who were employable but lacked social supports was opened in 1973. Experience of the sobriety and employment status of residents up to March 1981 is reviewed.After a mean period of follow‐up of 25 months, 58 per cent were sober and 62 per cent were employed. Control data are lacking to establish what contribution the house made to therapeutic success. Stricter admission criteria are suggested, since demand for places exceeds supply and some subgroups of the clientele did poorly. Younger patients with current or recent employment did well. Neurotic and personality disordered patients are not suitable for this progra

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00081.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00082.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY