摘要:

AbstractBack injury is a major factor in the large workers' compensation bills with which insurers and employers are familiar. A common response to this problem is to subject prospective employees to screening, with the objective of denying employment to those considered to be a “compensation risk” on account of a history or findings of back trouble. Screening sometimes includes x‐ray examination.The employment of a person with a history of back injury involves two conflicting interests: that of the employee who has chosen the risk of recurrent back injury rather than unemployment; and that of the employer who wishes to minimise compensation costs.Resort to screening programs is an unwarranted medical intrusion into a conflict which is essentially economic. Moreover, the use of radiography adds an unnecessary increment to the average population dose of radiation. An alternative approach is suggested, in which a statutory load limit is imposed for male workers, comparable to that which already applies to female wo

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1982.tb00343.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProcess workers' arm is a common and disabling (but preventable) condition particularly affecting female migrant factory workers employed in occupations requiring rapid repetitive movements. The syndrome encompasses a range of musculo‐tendinous lesions of the hand, wrist, arm, elbow, shoulder and neck. Symptoms and disability are often out of proportion to physical sign

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1982.tb00344.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1982.tb00345.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractImmunization status is inferior among low socioeconomic groups and ethnic minority populations associated with South Australian primary schools.In general, the status of immunization appears to be particularly unfavourable for measles. Whereas parents reported that 78 percent of children had received some vaccine (or toxoid) since the fourth birthday, and 88 percent in the first year of life, only 51 percent were said to have been immunized against measles.

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1982.tb00346.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study has been conducted into the pattern of ownership of “for‐profit” private hospitals in Victoria. Private companies were found to dominate the acute care private hospital business in Victoria; the company structures were sophisticated, involving numerous individuals and the business was rapidly expanding. Victorian Health Commission registration requirements were inadequate and, in particular, the definition of “Proprietor” in the Victorian Health Act was seen to be imprecise. It is proposed that all individuals holding a financial interest in private hospitals should be required to be registered publicly, together with their occupations. More than one‐third of the hospitals had doctors or their relatives as directors or shareholders, although bed utilization figures for these doctors in their hospitals were not obtainable. The conflict between commercial practice and professional practice of medicine is briefly discussed. The influence of business costs on profit‐motivated hospitals is briefly examined, leading to questions about the use of Commonwealth subsidies as “health‐investor subsidies” and “commercial subsidies”. These observations are presented with attention to the current encouragement of greater use of private enterprise in Austra

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1982.tb00347.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Caesarean section rate in New South Wales in 1977 was estimated to be 9.8%. Regional variation was apparent: Sydney metropolitan 11.1%, Hunter and Illawarra 9.4%, and rural regions 6.8%. The higher rate in the Sydney area, compared to the rural regions, was matched by a greater supply of obstetricians per population. Variations in Caesarean section rates were noted amongst major public hospitals in New South Wales and local government areas in Sydney. The Caesarean section rate in New South Wales was intermediate between the high rate in the United States, and the relatively low rate in England and Wales.It is argued that various factors, apart from medical “need”, have to be invoked to explain the magnitude of, and variation in, the New South Wales Caesarean section rate. These factors may include: supply of obstetricians, introduction of new technology, and fee‐for‐service private p

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1982.tb00348.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractImpairments of function may be caused by ageing or pathological processes and in some individuals there may be a discrepancy between chronological and biological age. In screened female subjects, health status was defined by number of characteristics: absence of self‐reported medical illnesses, nonsmoking, normal chest radiography, electrocardiography and urine tests, plus subjective perception of good health. These indicators of health status were compared with differences in age‐dependent biological variables. An assessment was also made of the effect that a person's age or subjective health status had on the variance of these variables.Subjective good health was shown to be associated with less age‐dependent biological change. Additionally, plasma triglyceride concentration was found to be more indicative of people's perception of their own health than the other variables. Such observations have relevance to the yield of abnormal results from health screening programs, and suggest that subjects for screening could be selected by their reported health experience and well

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1982.tb00349.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes an empirically based method for defining the role of attitudes in health education planning. An explicit assumption underlying this method is that the professional health educator is an agent for behavior change who works, primarily via other health professionals, to enhance the health of the target population.To effect change, the health educator must be skilled in (a) problem definition, (b) program development or the treatment of the problem, (c) program implementation and (d) program evaluation. To illustrate this approach we present a model for measuring attitudes and social normative factors which seems useful in defining education need, illustrate its use in a cross‐culture comparison of a sample of adolescent cigarette smokers in Australia and United States of America and suggest some further steps to aid in planning and evaluating health education activities.While this paper emphasizes the role of attitude, attitudes are but one of a number of factors to be considered in health education program development. Anderson1and Green2suggest that attitudes and knowledge contribute to a predisposition to a particular behavior but that the ultimate behavior is also influenced by a set of factors best described as enabling the behavior and a set of factors which reinforce the behavio

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1982.tb00350.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe mercury concentrations of hair samples from groups of Auckland schoolchildren increased with increasing fish consumption and decreased with increasing age. Polynesian children had higher mean levels than Europeans. Ninety‐five percent of values for 14–15 year old children were in the range 0.27‐5.30 μg Hg/g (Polynesian) and 0.09‐4.10 μg Hg/g (European).Only 3 children of 415 studied had hair mercury concentration above 6 μg/g, which corresponds to the WHO maximum tolerable weekly mercury intake. In view of the known high levels of mercury in certain locally consumed fish, the data are reassuring. Owing to the uncertainty of toxic levels for sensitive groups, such as the foetus of pregnant women, further studies of mercury exposure and toxicity

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1982.tb00351.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1982.tb00352.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY