摘要:

AbstractWomen who had recently had their first babies were surveyed to identify their unmet needs for information, the ease with which they could ask questions of health professionals and family and friends, their locus of control, self‐care and self‐knowledge. Of the 281 women surveyed, 221 responded, giving a response rate of 78.6 per cent.More than 50 per cent of the respondents felt they had too little information on special tests done in pregnancy, postnatal care and ‘blues’, caesarean section and induction of labour. Only 48 per cent of the women felt that they could question their doctor with ease. Most of the decisions about what happened during their pregnancy and labour were made by others for 31 per cent of the women. Of the smokers, 38 per cent stopped smoking during pregnancy. However some women lacked the self‐knowledge for future self‐care, as only 34 per cent of the respondents knew the result of their cer

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1988.tb00567.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne thousand two hundred and fifty‐four adolescents in Hamilton, New Zealand, ranging in age from 10 to 16, were questioned on their awareness of, and attitudes towards, cigarette advertising, and on their image of the young smoker. Most of the respondents felt that tobacco companies advertise to encourage people to buy their brands. Smokers were less likely than non‐smokers to feel that cigarette companies advertise to encourage young people to take up smoking. They were also more likely to agree that cigarette companies are generous, public spirited people. Non‐smokers were more likely to feel that cigarette advertising was effective in encouraging young people to smoke.Winfield, the most popular brand among smokers, was also the most well known. Smokers had a more positive image than non‐smokers of the young person who

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1988.tb00568.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1988.tb00569.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent findings have pointed to an association between socioeconomic status and health in Australia but have, in the process, raised important questions about the validity of various methods of determining a respondent's location within the hierarchy. While some of the problems associated with the use of the Australian Bureau of Statistics classification were known, the full extent of these deficiencies was not.This paper reviews past and present methods of measuring socioeconomic inequality in Australia. After pointing to the criteria which should be applied to determine the adequacy of any method of socioeconomic classification, the paper reviews the main strengths and weaknesses of the methods of classification used in health‐related research in Australi

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1988.tb00570.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA random State‐wide survey of the Victorian population demonstrated clearly a wide discrepancy between the respondents' current nutritional intake and the pattern of intake recommended for improvement in the community's chronic disease profile. The results of the survey highlighted a range of methodological issues relevant to the recommendations of the Nutrition Task Force of the Better Health Commission relating to the need for ongoing surveillance of the nutritional profile and attitudes of the Australian community. It also demonstrated a surprising lack of change in the nutrient profile of the Australian community over the past few years despite various independent nutrition policy and education initiative

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1988.tb00571.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAustralia has recently decided to undertake an eradication programme for indigenous measles. A 90 to 95 per cent coverage rate will be needed to prevent epidemics in urban areas. The reasons for non‐compliance must be understood if this goal is to be reached by voluntary participation. This study used household interviews to assess the measles immunisation status of 506 children age 0 to 10 years and the attitudes/knowledge of 312 parents in selected areas of Perth. No statistical associations were found between measles immunisation compliance and child's age, parental ethnicity, child order, family size, parental level of education or parental ignorance level. However, lower family income, high parental apathy level and high parental fear level were found to be associated with measles immunisation non‐complia

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1988.tb00572.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA prevalence survey, using medical interview and examination, ergonomic assessment and questionnaire, identified musculoskeletal symptoms in 143 data process operators (DPOs), in four data entry sections. Over 50 per cent of DPOs experienced symptoms at least three or more times per week. A characteristic clinical picture was described, in each of the shoulder‐neck and lower arm areas. Scores on an upper limb symptom scale for each area were added, a group with the highest scores were designated cases (n = 41) and a comparison group was selected from those with the lowest scores (n = 28). The two groups were compared for a large number of personal, training, environmental, work organization, postural, and job demand variables. Statistically significant differences were found in two work organization variables, three job demand variables, three posture variables, an index of discomfort from glare, the General Health Questionnaire, and five dimensions of the Work Environment Scale. We concluded that musculo‐skeletal symptoms have a multifactorial aetiology, related to postural factors, perceived job demand and the social climate of the work pl

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1988.tb00573.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper is a report of a study of obstetric intervention in childbirth and its effects on neonatal behaviour. Interventions included anaesthesia, augmentation, induction and caesarean section and their relationships to behavioural responsiveness of the babies over the neonatal period were examined. Among the 120 mothers, the study found considerable rates of intervention into childbirth. Babies were assessed on three occasions using the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS). Data from one hundred and nine babies were analysed. Babies whose mothers had epidural anaesthesia were less likely to achieve optimal Motoric subscale scores than babies whose mothers did not. A lower percentage of caesarean birth babies than vaginal birth babies achieved optimal scores on the State Control, Interaction and Motoric subscales of the NBAS. It is recommended that every effort be made to reduce the high caesarean section rate, the rates of other interventions, such as induction and the levels of use of epidural anaesthesia and episiotomy. A preferred way to do this would be to make a more natural birth available to all but the truly high‐risk populatio

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1988.tb00574.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInformation about the use of drugs by the population can be used to monitor the prescribing patterns, safety and costs of drugs. Major deficiencies exist in the routine sources of Australian pharmacoepidemiology data and in data collection. The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), Intercontinental Medical Statistics (IMS) and the Australian Health Survey are the main sources of data, but all are severely limited.At present there is no adequate means of determining what proportion of the Australian community is receiving treatment with a particular drug. The morbidity and prescribing data collected by IMS are not freely available and relate only to prescribing by general practitioners. A comprehensive source of data on drug use in hospitals does not exist because hospital statistics are not merged. Currently, there is no uniform drug coding system and hospital and community drug usage data cannot be easily combined.The quality of Australian pharmacoepidemiology data could be improved by making declaration of sales figures by pharmaceutical companies mandatory, adopting a uniform drug coding system, and establishing an ongoing, comprehensive morbidity and prescribing survey.

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1988.tb00575.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1988.tb00576.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY