ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700040311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700040302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA detailed study of plant processes and dust control methods over the period 1930–1975 was conducted in an asbestos textile plant processing chrysotile. Linear statistical models for reconstructing historic dust exposure levels, taking into account textile processes, dust control measures, and job assignments, were developed. Parameters of these statistical models were estimated using 5,952 industrial hygiene sampling measurements covering the period 1930–1975. For most textile operations, exposure levels were significantly reduced by about 1940, when most engineering dust control measures were in place. Results of the exposure estimates indicated “precontrol” exposure levels to range from 3 to 78 fibers/cc with typical levels well above 10 fibers/cc. After textile operations were provided with dust control measures, estimated exposure levels ranged from 3 to 17 fibers/cc and were usually in the range of 5 to 10 fibers/cc. These exposure estimates were combined with an assessment of mortality among workers at this plant to investigate exposure‐response relationships. Exposure‐response results are presented in the companion manuscript in

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700040303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA retrospective cohort mortality study was conducted among a cohort of 1,261 white males employed one or more months in chrysotile asbestos textile operations and followed between 1940 and 1975. Statistically significant excess mortality was observed for all causes combined (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 150), lung cancer (SMR = 135), diseases of the circulatory system (SMR = 125), nonmalignant respiratory diseases (SMR = 294), and accidents (SMR = 134). Using estimated fiber exposure levels in conjunction with detailed worker job histories, exposure‐response relationships were investigated. Strong exposure‐response relationships for lung cancer and asbestos related non‐malignant respiratory diseases were observed. Compared with data for chrysotile miners and millers, chrysotile textile workers were found to experience significantly greater lung cancer mortality at lower lifetime cumulative exposure levels. Factors such as differences in airborne fiber characteristics may partially account for the large differences in exposure response between textile workers and miners and mi

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700040304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA cross‐sectional study of 5 NaCl mines and 259 miners addressed the following questions: 1) Is there an association of increased respiratory symptoms, radiographic findings, and reduced pulmonary function with exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and/ or respirable particulate (RP) among these miners? 2) Is there increased morbidity of these miners compared to other working populations? Personal samples of NO2and respirable particulate for jobs in each mine were used to estimate cumulative exposure. NO2is used as a surrogate measure of diesel exposure.Cough was associated with age and smoking, dyspnea with age; neither symptom was associated with exposure (years worked, estimated cumulative NO2or RP exposure). Phlegm was associated with age, smoking, and exposure. Reduced pulmonary function (FVC, FEV1, peak, flow, FEF50, FEF75) showed no association with exposure. There was one case of small rounded and one case of small irregular opacities; pneumoconiosis was not analyzed further.Compared to underground coal miners, above ground coal miners, potash miners, and nonmining workers, the study population after adjustment for age and smoking generally showed no increased prevalence of cough, phlegm, dyspnea, or obstruction (FEV1/FVC<0.7). Obstruction in younger salt miners and phlegm in older salt miners was elevated compared to nonmining workers. Mean predicted pulmonary function was reduced 2–4% for FEV1and FVC, 7–13% for FEF50, and 18–22% for FEF75below all comparison popu

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700040305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThirty‐eight patients with a diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma participated in a semistructured interview to evaluate asbestos exposure, acquisition of increased risk information, and retrospective reporting of cognitive and behavioral reactions (particularly smoking behavior) to risk information. Twenty‐eight patients (74%) had direct occupational contact with asbestos, and six patients (16%) reported indirect nonoccupational exposure to asbestos. Only two (10%) of the directly exposed patients acquired risk in formation from professional sources prior to diagnosis of mesothelioma. The most frequently reported reaction to learning of increased risk of cancer was a denial of the risk by minimizing personal exposure. Few patients reported being concerned about the information of increased risk. Smoking behavior did not change as a result of risk information, nor was there any increase in visits to physicians. Guidelines for psychosocial management of at‐risk groups are recomm

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700040306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis work formed part of a series of studies devised to investigate immunological markers which it was considered might reflect individual susceptibility to the development of coalworkers' pneumoconiosis and especially progressive massive fibrosis.Estimations of T and B lymphocytes and white blood cell counts (WBCC) were performed on blood samples from 324 coalworkers grouped according to radiographic category of pneumoconiosis, age, and smoking habits. A subgroup of 43 men was further screened for both humoral anti‐lung antibodies (ALA) and direct lymphocyte‐mediated cellular cytotoxicity (LMCC) towards human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HEL). In addition 673 serum samples obtained during a previous study of autoimmune factors in coalworkers were screened for humoral antibodies to HEL cells.The only correlation found between category of pneumoconiosis and alterations in WBCC, percentage or absolute numbers of lymphocytes, or the presence of anti‐lung antibodies was a decrease in a subgroup of T lymphocytes with increasing severity of pneumoconiosis. The major factor influencing these parameters in this study was the smoking status of the man. Smokers showed increased WBCC and lymphocyte numbers and a higher frequency of ALA and LMCC when compared with nonsm

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700040307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700040308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDimethylaminopropionitrile, used as a catalyst in the manufacture of polyurethane, was responsible for two epidemics of urinary retention, sexual dysfunction, and peripheral neuropathy in 1978. Most affected workers recovered promptly, but some have had persisting neuropathy, sexual and bladder dysfunction, and CNS symptoms. The mechanism of neurotoxicity appears to be interference with axoplasmic transport. The catalyst that caused the problem was withdrawn from the market after swift governmental action.

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700040309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700040310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY