ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700020102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700020103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractApproximately 1.5 million workers in the United States are exposed to arsenic. Occupational exposure is primarily by inhalation. NIOSH recommends that time‐integrated exposure to arsenic in air not exceed 2 μ.g/m3. Recent exposure is accurately measured by urine assay; urine arsenic concentrations above 50 μg/liter indicate increased absorption. Hair assay is a semiquantitative index of past exposure. Toxicity is associated primarily with the trivalent (3 + ) form of arsenic. Acute poisoning is caused most commonly by contaminated food or drink; it is rarely occupational. Chronic intoxication is characterized by dermatitis, hyper‐pigmentation, keratoses, peripheral neuropathy (primarily sensory), irritation of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and occasionally by hepatic toxicity and peripheral vasculopathy (blackfoot disease). Arsenic is not carcinogenic in animal species, but is mutagenic in Syrian hamster cells. In man, arsenic is known definitely to cause cancer of skin, lung, and liver (angiosarcoma) and possibly to cause lym

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700020104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBecause of a reported association between residence in counties, with nonferrous smelters and increased risk of lung cancer, we studied the relationship between distance of residence from nonferrous smelters and lung cancer. Patients with lung cancer and patients with other cancers not known to be associated with smelter effluent (breast, prostate, and colon) were compared. All patients lived within a 20‐kilometer radius around one of 10 nonferrous smelters in five western states during 1970‐1977. Data were obtained from cancer registries or death certificates and were examined separately for each area. Addresses at the time of diagnosis or death were plotted on U.S. Geological Survey maps to calculate distance from each smelter. The distribution of lung cancer near the smelters was not significantly different from the distribution of control cancers in any of the areas stud

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700020105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTissue samples from lung cancer patients who had worked at a copper smelter and from controls were collected and classified by a panel of pathologists: 38% of the cancers were found to be adenocarcinomas, compared to 12% among the controls, a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). The predominance of adenocarcinomas was associated with arsenic exposure. This finding is not consistent with Kreyberg's hypothesis that small‐cell undifferentiated and epidermoid carcinomas are the only type that increase in response to inhaled carcinogens [1962

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700020106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA pilot study of 300 smelter workers from the cohort reported by Lee and Fraumeni [1969] has been studied: 150 men from their heavy exposure group and 150 men from the rest of the cohort randomly selected. Usable smoking habits were obtained from 86% of the sample. Estimates of the total lifetime work exposure were made from available measurements. A very high risk of lung cancer (SMR 1429) was observed among the most heavily exposed workers. Excess risks, though still present, were much less in those with lower exposures. There was a lower proportion of nonsmokers among the heavily exposed arsenic workers than among the other workers. This suggests that there may be some interaction between smoking and arsenic exposure. Moreover, comparison of smoking habits reported by smelter workers suggested that, as a group, they smoked more heavily than average for the United States population. A small study of proxy smoking histories suggested that these were valid and unbiased. The work continues on an enlarged sample.

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700020107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractData from several small autopsy series in German vintners in the 1940s and 1950s and a number of case reports have previously suggested that arsenic is a cause of hepatic angiosarcoma (HAS). In a nationwide review of deaths from HAS in the United States, we identified seven cases with a history of prolonged use of Fowler's solution (inorganic potassium arsenite), which provide further support for the association of arsenic exposure and HAS. An epidemiologic study of a cohort of individuals treated long‐term with Fowler's solution might confirm this associatio

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700020108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFive of nine active tandem mill operators exposed at work to aerosolized hydrocarbon mist were referred for evaluation of respiratory complaints. The worker with the longest exposure had reduced lung volumes; he was admitted to the hospital for detailed study. Exercise studies revealed work load limited by ventilation and arterial oxygen desaturation. Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy revealed evidence of lipoid pneumonia. Assessment of the mill revealed levels of respirable oil mist by personal samplers throughout the area far below the currently accepted standard of 5 mg/ M3. These findings confirm a 20‐year‐old hypothesis of J.G. Jones regarding the hazard of oil mist in this industrial sett

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700020109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe carcinogenic potentials of certain present day roofing materials and dust produced during the removal of an old coal tar pitch roof were evaluated using a mouse skin bioassay. Traditional coal tar pitch and dust from removal of an old roof were significantly more carcinogenic than coal derived roofing bitumen, but all were strongly carcinogenic. The benzo(a)pyrene concentration of these materials ranged from 0.064 to 0.08%, but each was significantly more carcinogenic than 0.1% benzo(a)pyrene alone. No tumors were produced by the application of petroleum derived roofing asphalt.

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700020110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBlood samples were collected from 126 long‐term ship repair workers and 42 retirees. Lead concentrations were determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Three groups with different degrees of lead exposure were identified: (1)59 welders, burners, and combination men (median blood lead, 39 μg/100 ml); (2) 67 painters, laborers, shipfitters, riggers, and other ship repair workers (median blood lead, 26 μg/100 ml); and (3) 42 retired welders, painters, and shipfitters (median blood lead, 23 μg/100 ml). Thirty active ship repair workers, including 28 welders and burners, had blood lead concentrations above the OSHA “action level” of 40 μg/100 ml. Increased levels in several men without direct exposures to lead were apparently caused by “bystander's exposure.” In the retirees, blood lead levels decreased with increasing length of retirement. Thus, after eight or more years, the average level was below

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700020111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY