ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTests of ventilatory capacity, objective cough, and standardized respiratory questionnaires were used in a prospective study to measure the effect of firefighting on pulmonary function in a cohort of 951 white Boston firefighters between 1970‐1976. During the six years of follow‐up, the mean annual decrements in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were 36 and 29 ml per year, respectively. At the end of the study in 1976, the mean FEV1for this group was 98.3% of the level predicted for healthy nonsmoking adults, while the FVC was 97.8%. Current cigarette smoking was associated with an increased prevalence of bronchitis, a loose cough, reduced levels of FEV1and FVC, and increased longitudinal changes in FEV1and FVC. The longitudinal changes and current levels of FEV1and FVC were not correlated with any index of firefighting exposure in active firefighters. Increased use of protective respiratory apparatus and previously described selection effects within the Boston Fire Department appear to be protecting this group of firefighters from long‐term effects of smoke exposure as measured by these techn

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractContinuous exposure by inhalation to 200‐300 ppm of benzene, for 4‐7 hours daily, 5 days weekly, causes the onset of zymbal gland carcinomas in male and female Sprague‐Dawley rats. This report deals with the results 86 weeks after the start of the experiment. At this stage 227 out of 269 treated animals and 256 out of 307 controls are still alive. The surviving animals will be kept under observation until spontaneous death o

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo assess the value of oblique chest radiographs in the diagnosis of asbestos‐related pleural disease, we identified 100 asbestos‐exposed construction workers and provided separate interpretations of the postero‐anterior (PA), left anterior oblique (LAO), and right anterior oblique (RAO) projections using the International Labour Office (ILO) system. We found that the LAO projection identified left‐sided pleural thickening more effectively than the PA view and the RAO view improved diagnosis of right‐sided disease comparably. Of 62 cases of bilateral pleural thickening, only 43 (68%) were diagnosed by the PA projection alone. The increased diagnostic efficiency of approximately 50% in identifying bilateral pleural thickening appears to justify the routine use of oblique chest films in screening asbestos‐exposed populations. Since bilateral pleural thickening among asbestos‐exposed workers is an indicator of significant asbestos exposure and increased risk of other asbestos‐induced conditions, early detection of this abnormality can lead to interventions designed to reduce asbestos‐related morbid

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn spite of numerous studies, the minimum level of lead exposure at which “sub‐clinical” electrophysiologic abnormalities appear is still under discussion. Furthermore, it has not been clarified whether the electrophysiologic changes are directly related to PbB levels or to duration of exposure. This study was conducted on a group of 62 subjects occupationally exposed to lead with average blood lead levels below 50 μg/100 ml and durations of exposure of less than 10 years. A reduction of motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities and sensory action potential amplitude of the median nerve was found in the subjects exposed to lead, as compared with a control group. Such abnormalities were already present in workers with the lowest blood lead levels, but were more severe in workers whose blood lead levels had exceeded 70 μg/100 ml, even if this occurred only once in the last two years. The electrophysiologic changes did not correlate with duration of exposure but occurred very soon after initial exposure

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study of an occupationally lead‐exposed group in the automobile assembly industry (body shop employees) has provided information with regard to current and recent lead‐exposure levels characteristic for these operations. Comparison with findings in other, previously studied occupational groups (secondary smelter workers) indicated that current and recent lead exposure was significantly lower in the autobody shop employees.Prevalence of symptoms was found to be higher than in a control, non‐lead‐exposed group of maintenance workers in the same plant, but the differences reached the level of statistical significance only sporadically. Long‐term effects on renal function, as reflected in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, were documented to be significant in this group of autobody shop employees. When compared with two secondary lead smelter populations previously studied, correlations between indicators of renal function, BUN and creatinine, and duration of lead exposure were consistently higher in the secondary lead smelter populations than in the group of autobody‐shop employees, although duration of lead exposure was greater in the latter.These findings are consistent with a dose‐response relationship with regard to renal function impairment due to lead absorption. An increased prevalence of hypertension, especially diastolic, was also found, probably the consequence of

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSix volunteers (two office and four cadmium (Cd)‐exposed workers, all nonsmokers) from an electric condenser factory participated in a study involving the measurement of cadmium in air and in dust, the evaluation of hand and mouth contamination by cadmium, and the determination of fecal cadmium. The mean levels of total airborne cadmium measured with static and personal samplers were for the exposed workers 9.5 and 16.7 μg/m3, respectively, and for the office workers 0.3 and 0.5 μg/m3, respectively. In the office workers, hand contamination by Cd hardly changes over the workday (less than 10 μg/hand), whereas in the exposed workers important hand contamination by Cd was observed (up to 1,200 μg/hand during the workday and up to 300 μg/hand before lunch or before leaving the factory). Mouth contamination by Cd is rather similar in both groups on Monday morning, but increases 20‐ to 50‐fold on Friday afternoon in the Cd workers against a slight increase for the office workers. The concentration of Cd in the feces was not much different between Sunday and Friday in the office workers, whereas in the exposed workers it was higher on Friday than on Sunday. There is suggestive evidence from a comparative study of fecal cadmium in two Cd‐exposed volunteers who carried out their jobs with and without gloves that direct cadmium intake from hand contamination may contribute to the overall Cd absorption. A limited study in a glassware factory (As2O3exposure) involving the measurement of total airborne arsenic, the determination of urinary arsenic, and the evaluation of hand and mouth contamination by arsenic before and after the workshift suggests that the high urinary arsenic levels (300 μg/g creatinine) are likely to be more related to an increased oral intake from contaminated hands than to an increased absorption f

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA group of 85 patients with roentgenological evidence of asbestosis were examined on two occasions within a three‐ to four‐year interval, first in 1976‐1977 and again in 1979‐1981. During this follow‐up period, the asbestosis (interstitial pulmonary fibrosis) of 26 (31%) showed progression. The cases with either moderate or advanced fibrosis showed progression more often than those who initially had manifested only slight fibrosis. Included in the group whose interstitial fibrosis showed radiographic progression were asbestos sprayers and cigarett

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA disease nearly extinct in occupational health history is phosphorus necrosis, previously seen in near‐epidemic proportions among workers making phosphorus‐containing matches. Similar destructive lesions were encountered early in the 20th century among personnel fabricating fireworks. Through the diligent efforts of an economist and a supportive congressman, legislation was passed in 1912 placing a tax on phosphorus matches, and because of the fiscal burden resulting, a nontoxic substitute for elemental phosphorus was adopted by all manufacturers. Today phosphorus necrosis is extremely rare, but the former presence of the disease points up both apathy and courage in the identification and eradication of a remarkably disfiguring work‐caused di

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY