摘要:

PT‐01is a newly developed water‐solublecontrolled‐release insert containing ofloxacin (OFLX) as an antibacterial agent. The effect of PT‐01 was evaluated by splitmouth application after oral hygiene instruction. No mechanical debridement was carried out during the experiment. PT‐01 was applied once a week for 4 weeks in the periodontal pockets of 46 patients with adult periodontitis. The control insert without any antibacterial agent was applied in a selected pocket in a different quadrant for each patient. Clinical findings plaque index, PI; gingival index, GI; bleeding on probing, BOP; pus discharge, pus; and probing depth, PD at both PT‐01 and control sites were measured at every visit for 4 weeks. Clinical findings were improved at both PT‐01 and control sites, but the improvements were much more significant at PT‐01 sites, in particular BOP and PD, than at control sites. PI was also significantly reduced at PT‐01 sites. These results suggest that weekly application of PT‐01 in the periodontal pocket has a significant effect on the resolution of periodontal inflammation and has an inhibitory effect on supragingival plaque deposition.J Periodontol 1992; 63:2–6.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1992.63.1.2

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Following an 8‐week controlled investigationof 2 strontium chloride hexahydrate dentifrices (SCH) of differing abrasivity, 2 groups of 20 subjects each, with cervical dentinal hypersensitivity, were re‐examined at 20 weeks; that is, 12 weeks after the active period. The examination procedures were conducted in the same manner as in the main clinical trial. Sensitivity levels were assessed by 2 instrument methods: tactile (Yeaple probe), and cold air (dental air syringe), and by subjective perception of pain by means of a Visual Analogue Scale. The results from these methods of assessment demonstrated that 12 weeks following the cessation of 8 weeks' controlled use of standard and low abrasive SCH dentifrices, sensitivity levels reversed only slightly in both groups and, overall, sensitivity remained significantly lower than at baseline. The abrasivity of the dentifrice did not affect the desensitivity activity.J Periodontol 1992; 63:7–12.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1992.63.1.7

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this studywas to conduct a direct comparison of two dose regimens of minocycline to determine 1) whether they achieved crevicular fluid concentrations in a therapeutic range; and 2) the frequency of side effects. In a double‐blind design, 30 patients divided into 2 groups were given either 100 mg minocycline or 200 mg minocycline per day for an 8‐day period. The concentration of minocycline in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) at 8 days was 4.77 μg/ml for the 100 mg a day group and 5.97 μg/ml for the 200 mg a day group and at 15 days was 4.30 μg/ml for the 100 mg a day group and 4.17 μg/ml for the 200 mg a day group. There was no significant difference in the antibiotic concentration in the gingival crevicular fluid between the 2 groups. Reported adverse experiences to the minocycline were greater in the 200 mg a day group. Short‐term changes in periodontal health as measured by plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, and bleeding upon probing showed improvements in all parameters over the 15 day period. There were no significant differences in these parameters between the 100 mg a day and 200 mg a day group. At 8 days reduced levels ofPorphyromonas gingivalisandPrevotella intermediawere achieved but they were not eliminated from infected subgingival sites in either group. Achieving bacteriostatic concentrations of GCF, fewer side effects, and the potential for better compliance suggests that a single daily dose of 100 mg minocycline should now be investigated for its efficacy in managing periodontal infections manifesting as Periodontitis.J Periodontol 1992;63:13–18.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1992.63.1.13

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study compared the relative success of soft tissue coverage of denuded roots by two surgical procedures: Autogenous free gingival graft (FGG) and a 2‐stage coronallypositioned flap (CPF). Eight patients who had bilateral areas of gingival recession were selected. The areas of recession treated were Class I or II according to Miller's classification and caused either an esthetic problem or root sensitivity. The defects were randomly assigned to surgical procedures in each subject. In the FGG, the root surfaces were root planed, conditioned with a saturated citric acid solution, and an adjacent recipient site was prepared surgically. A thick palatal graft was then sutured to the recipient site. In the CPF, an initial autogenous free gingival graft was surgically placed in a recipient site just apical to the root recession. After 1 month of healing, the gingiva was coronally positioned to the level of the CEJ. Standardized photographs were obtained presurgically, at 2 weeks, and at 1 and 3 months. Reduction of areas of exposed root surface and distances from CEJ to gingival margin were computed. Data analysis did not demonstrate a significant difference in success between FGG and CPF at 3 months. Maximum decrease of exposed root surfaces occurred at 2 weeks postsurgically with both procedures and then some recession of each type of graft occurred. The mean distance of the exposed root surfaces decreased from 2.136 mm to 1.301 mm and from 2.187 mm to 1.400 from baseline to 3 months for the FGG and CPF respectively. The area of root exposure was reduced from 6.692 mm2to 3.705 mm2and from 6.949 mm2to 3.841 mm2for the FFG and CPF respectively. Thus, the null hypothesis was accepted in that there were no differences in root surface coverage by CPF and FGG procedures.J Periodontol 1992; 63:19–23.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1992.63.1.19

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this studywas to determine if a thermocouple probe was capable of detecting differences in temperatures between healthy and diseased periodontal sites. Twenty‐two patients, 11 with radiographic evidence of periodontitis and 11 without, were probed twice with the temperature probe, and twice with a conventional probe by two examiners. Two definitions of health and disease were used. Definition one was that any site probing 5 mm or a site that bled upon probing was considered diseased. Sites 4 mm and with no bleeding on probing were considered healthy. Mean temperature differences were calculated from a baseline sublingual temperature. Each arch and tooth demonstrated different temperatures with temperatures decreasing from posterior to anterior. Differences from baseline between healthy and diseased sites were consistently higher for diseased sites. For example, maxillary second molars were 0.72° C higher than baseline while the maxillary central incisors were 1.40° C higher than baseline. Mean temperature differences between healthy and diseased sites were significant (P<0.005) for all sites. Definition two was developed since all sites 5 mm or greater and all sites which bled may not be diseased, the data were recalculated with disease including all sites ≥ 5 mm with bleeding on probing and health including all sites ≤ 3 mm without bleeding. With this definition the mean temperature difference between healthy and diseased sites was even greater. Maxillary second molars were 0.96° C higher, while maxillary central incisors were 1.76° C higher. Differences were significant (P<0.0005) at all sites. In conclusion, the temperature probe was capable of detecting temperature differences between healthy and diseased periodontal sites and might be an effective instrument in monitoring periodontal health.J Periodontol 1992; 63:24–27.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1992.63.1.24

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of sex hormoneson the in vitro chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and monocytes were investigated using fMLP as the chemoattractant. PMNs, monocytes, and plasma were obtained from heparinized peripheral blood of healthy adults. Chemotaxis of PMNs or monocytes treated with sex hormones were tested using 48‐well chemotaxis microchambers. The correlation between sex hormone levels in plasma and the chemotactic ability of PMNs from the same donor was also investigated. The Chemotaxis of PMNs was enhanced by progesterone, while it was reduced by estradiol. Random migration of PMNs was also enhanced by progesterone and reduced by estradiol. The effect of estradiol on PMN Chemotaxis was inhibited by addition of antiestrogens or progesterone. Testosterone did not have a measurable effect on PMN chemotaxis. A significant positive correlation was found between the concentration of progesterone in plasma of females and PMN chemotactic ability in vitro. For males, there was no significant relationship between plasma levels of sex hormones and PMN chemotactic ability. Estradiol and testosterone levels in plasma did not correlate with PMN chemotactic ability. Sex hormones had no effect on the chemotaxis of monocytes. These results suggest that the altered PMN chemotaxis associated with gingival inflammation may be due to the effects of sex hormones.J Periodontol 1992; 63:28–32.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1992.63.1.28

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Platelet degranulation can resultin the release of a variety of factors which are chemotactic, mitogenic, and angiogenic, making platelets extremely important in the regulation of the repair process. This study examines how various types of root surfaces affect platelet deposition and the release of serotonin from dense granules. In addition, experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of the cyclo‐oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, on platelet deposition and dense granule release. Roots from freshly extracted teeth from sites with periodontal disease (PD) and from healthy sites were sectioned and had the following surface conditions: 1) periodontal ligament present; 2) PD; 3) PD, root planed; 4) PD, root planed and demineralized; and 5) condition 4 treated with collagenase. In addition, rabbit calcaneal tendon collagen was used. All samples were incubated with platelets labeled with both111Indium and14C serotonin, with and without the addition of indomethacin. It was observed that the greatest number of platelets deposited on the tendon collagen. Furthermore, serotonin release occurred on all samples except PD and indomethacin partially inhibited platelet deposition on all samples except tendon collagen. Finally, indomethacin inhibited serotonin release on all surfaces. These results suggest that attachment of platelets to the root surface is facilitated by metabolism through the cyclo‐oxygenase pathway and that limited platelet deposition can occur in the absence of dense body release.J Periodontol 1992; 63:33–38.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1992.63.1.33

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Few scientific investigations have addressedthe ability of mouthrinses to reduce oral malodor for periods longer than 3 hours. In the present report, we have employed simple, recently described techniques to assess the day‐long reduction in oral malodor of a novel 2‐phase oil:water mouthrinse (TPM), as compared to a corresponding placebo rinse, and to a commercial 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse. Sixty dental students were divided randomly into 3 groups, and instructed to use one of the rinses prior to bedtime and the following morning. Measurements carried out in the late afternoon, about 8 to 10 hours following rinsing, were compared with baseline measurements carried out in the late afternoon of the previous day. Volatile sulphide levels were measured using a portable industrial sulphide monitor. Microbial levels were estimated using a simple rinsing technique employing sterilized milk. These quantitative techniques were corroborated by organoleptic (hedonic) ratings of a single odor judge. Both TPM and Chlorhexidine brought about significant decreases in volatile sulphides (P<0.05) as compared to the placebo group. These results were corroborated by the organoleptic data. Similarly, both chlorhexidine and TPM were highly effective in reducing microbial levels as measured by the rinsing technique, in comparison to the placebo group. Chlorhexidine appeared to be more effective than TPM in all measurement categories, although only in the case of microbial activity was there a significant (P<0.05) difference between the two groups. The data showing daylong reduction of malodorous sulphides and microbial levels by TPM extend previous in vitro studies demonstrating its potent microbial desorption properties, and provide the first evidence for its potential clinical efficacy.J Periodontol 1992;63:39–43.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1992.63.1.39

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Established human cell linesderived from a transitional cell carcinoma (J82), a squamous carcinoma (SCaBER), and a normal urothelium (HCV‐29) were used to assess the relative cytotoxicity and tissue specificity of putative virulence determinants ofP. gingivalisW83. Intact cells of W83 had no effect on any of the cell lines, whereas disrupted cells caused extensive cytotoxicity particularly to monolayers of HCV‐29 and J82. The purified cysteine proteinase, gingivain, caused marked disruption of the basement membrane of the SCaBER monolayers but had no cytotoxic effects. Use of the thiol‐inhibitor, 2,2′‐dipyridyl disulphide revealed that the effects observed with the vesicles and the culture supernatant were due to the presence of the cysteine proteinase. The attachment of vesicles to the SCaBER cells was evident in electron micrographs. Shortchain volatile fatty acids added in concentrations equivalent to those present in the culture supernatant had no effect on any of the cell lines tested. Culture supernatants obtained from high speed centrifugation (150,000 × g) showed no cytotoxic effects. This was in marked contrast to the supernatant obtained by lower sedimentation (18,000 × g), which damaged all monolayers tested. These results suggest that these cell lines are potentially useful for assessing putative virulence determinants ofP. gingivalis and other periodontal pathogens.J Periodontol 1992;63:44–51.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1992.63.1.44

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We report on the microbiological and clinical effectsof mechanical debridement in combination with metronidazole plus amoxicillin therapy in 118 patients withActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans‐associated periodontitis. Patients were categorized into 3 groups: 28 had localized periodontitis; 50 had generalized periodontitis, and 40 had refractory periodontitis. After initial treatment and metronidazole plus amoxicillin therapy 114 of 118 (96.6%) patients had no detectableA. actinomycetemcomitans.Significant reduction in pocket probing depth and gain of clinical attachment were achieved in almost all patients. Four patients were still positive forA. actinomycetemcomitansafter therapy. Metronidazole resistance (MIC>25 μg/ml) was observed in 2 of 4 strains from these patients. Patients still positive forA. actinomycetemcomitansorPorphyromonas gingivalisshowed a significant higher bleeding tendency after therapy. It was concluded that mechanical periodontal treatment in combination with the metronidazole plus amoxicillin therapy is effective for subgingival suppression ofA. actinomycetemcomitansin patients with severe periodontitis.J Periodontol 1992;63:52–57.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1992.63.1.52

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY