摘要:

This study was undertakento determine whether there is any correlation of temperature within periodontal pockets with their depths. Pocket temperatures were measured with a thermocouple at 1 mm intervals of depth in 247 pockets, in 20 patients with periodontitis, mesiobucally and mesiopalatally/mesiolingually in relation to 6 standard teeth. Pocket temperatures increased consistently with pocket depth. Maxillary pockets were cooler than mandibular pockets, but in both jaws the differences between buccal and palatal/lingual pockets were not statistically significant. The findings are in keeping with knowledge about the increased temperature of inflamed tissues and the study appears to have relevance to the diagnosis of disease activity in pockets, but further studies are necessary to establish reference levels of pocket temperature.J Periodontol 1991;62:95– 99.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1991.62.2.95

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Since plaque plays a major rolein the development of periodontal inflammation, special attention is paid to its composition and quantity. Several indices have been designed for the quantification of the supragingival plaque. The aim of the present study was to compare the utility and discriminating power of five such plaque indices. In 14 subjects, three teeth were selected randomly on which the undisturbed plaque formation was studied over a period of 96 hours. This examination was performed twice, the first time after induction of gingivitis and a second time starting with a healthy gingiva. It is known that in the presence of gingival inflammation, the plaque growth rate slightly increases. Plaque formation was estimated at several visits with the following indices: Harrap index, Quigley and Hein index, Navy index modified by Clemmer and Barbano, Navy index modified by Hancock and Wirthlin, and a planimetrical plaque scoring system. The path of the plaque growth curve was found to depend on the selected plaque index, going from an exponential curve (planimetry) over an sigmoidal curve (Harrap index, Navy index modified by Hancock and Wirthlin) to a nearly linear relation (Quigley and Hein, Navy index modified by Clemmer and Barbano). By comparing the plaque scores on patients with healthy gingiva with those from patients with inflamed gingiva, it was found that the planimetrical plaque index had a clearly higher discriminating power. It was concluded that the choice of an index for the measurement of the plaque extension depends on the goals of the study.J Periodontol 1991; 62:100–105.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1991.62.2.100

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this studywas to compare the effectiveness of a tricalcium phosphate, plaster of paris, and doxycycline composite graft to surgical debridement alone in the treatment of Class II and Class III furcation defects. Fifteen patients with adult periodontitis and at least two mandibular molars with Class II or III furcation defects were selected. A total of 40 sites were treated: 26 were Class II defects and 14 were Class III. Following initial therapy one site was randomly selected to receive the composite graft while the remaining site served as the surgically debrided control. Osseous healing was evaluated by direct measurements from an acrylic Stent at the time of graft surgery and at the 6‐month reentry. Following surgery each patient was placed on doxycycline 100mg/day for 10 days. The absence of clinical inflammation and infection during the healing process provided additional substantiation of the biocompatibility of the grafting materials. Results after 6 months indicated that sites treated with the composite graft had improved defect fill, defect resolution, probing depths, and clinical attachment levels when compared to the surgically debrided controls. Defect fill was 3.7 times greater in grafted sites and these sites were 4.0 times more likely to have 50% or greater defect fill. The effect of grafting was more pronounced in Class III defects where horizontal defect fill and gain of clinical attachment was achieved only in grafted sites. The plaster of paris functioned well as a binder, preventing particle scatter and facilitating graft retention. Additionally the plaster served as a vehicle to carry and retain the doxycycline at the treated site. These short‐term results point to the potential of a composite graft containing tricalcium phosphate, plaster of paris, and doxycycline in promoting healing of furcation lesions.J Periodontol 1991; 62:106–115.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1991.62.2.106

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The periodontal condition of patientswith insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus was evaluated in terms of plaque, gingival indices, pocket depth, and alveolar bone loss. Thirty male and female diabetic patients aged 5 to 18 years were compared with 30 non‐diabetic subjects and correlated with sex and age. Statistical analyses of the data showed that the mean plaque index was significantly higher (P<0.01) among the diabetic patients (1.23) than among the control subjects (0.81). The plaque index was significantly higher (P<0.01) among diabetic females (1.34) than among diabetic males (1.10), whereas no sex differences were observed in the control group. The arithmetic means obtained for gingival index were statistically higher (P<0.01) for the diabetics (0.58) when compared with the controls (0.15), but no significant differences were obtained when the values were correlated with sex and age. Pocket depth did not differ statistically between groups. When pocket depth was correlated with sex, a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) was observed only for the palatal region, with a depth of 2.1 mm in female patients and 1.92 mm in male patients. When pocket depth was correlated with age, a positive correlation (P<0.01) was detected in the diabetic group for all regions investigated, whereas the correlation was not significant in the control group. Mean alveolar bone loss was higher in the anterior upper (1.94 mm) and anterior lower (1.87 mm) regions of the diabetic group when compared to the controls (1.52 and 1.37 mm respectively), the difference being significant at the 5% level of probability. No statistically significant difference was detected when alveolar bone loss was correlated with sex, but when alveolar bone loss was correlated with age, a positive correlation was detected for the posterior lower region of the diabetic patients (P<0.05) and for the upper and lower anterior regions of the control group (P<0.01).J Periodontol 1991; 62:116–122.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1991.62.2.116

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relationship between diabetes mellitusand oral health status was determined in Pirna Indians from the Gila River Indian Community in Arizona. This tribe of native Americans has the world's highest reported incidence and prevalence of non‐insulindependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus. The probing attachment level, alveolar bone loss, age, sex, Calculus Index, Plaque Index, Gingival Index, fluorosis, and DMFT as well as the diabetic status was assessed in 1,342 Pirna Indians who were at least partially dentate. The prevalence and severity of destructive periodontal disease was determined by measuring probing attachment loss and radiographically apparent interproximal crestal alveolar bone loss, two independent but correlated indicators of periodontal destruction. Only diabetic status, age, and the presence of subgingival calculus were significantly associated with both increased prevalence and greater severity of destructive periodontal disease in this population. Diabetic status was significantly and strongly related to both the prevalence and severity of disease after adjusting for the effects of demographic variables and several indices of oral health including the Plaque Index. Subjects with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of destructive periodontitis with an odds ratio of 2.81 (95% confidence interval 1.91 to 4.13) when attachment loss is used to measure the disease. The odds ratio for diabetic subjects was 3.43 (95% confidence interval 2.28 to 5.16) where bone loss was used to measure periodontal destruction. These findings demonstrate that diabetes increases the risk of developing destructive periodontal disease about threefold. Furthermore, diabetes increases the risk of developing periodontal disease in a manner which cannot be explained on the basis of age, sex, and hygiene or other dental measures. Periodontitis should be considered a potential complication of diabetes in evaluation of patients.J Periodontol 1991; 62:123–130.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1991.62.2.123

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study was conducted to determineif erythrosine had any effect when placed in contact with alveolar bone and gingival connective tissue in dogs in conjunction with a periodontal surgical procedure. Periodontal surgery was performed on 15 dogs, with a mucoperiosteal flap affording access for introduction of erythrosine (test) or saline (control) solutions, and subsequent flap replacement. The dogs were sacrificed at 2, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 days. Autopsy specimens were prepared, stained, sectioned, and examined by light microscopy. The general amount, degree, and type of inflammatory infiltrate was evaluated and recorded. Erythrosine had no apparent effect on the clinical healing time, alveolar bone, or gingival connective tissue in regard to the general degree, type, and location of the inflammation infiltrate based on postsurgical observations.J Periodontol 1991; 62:132–134.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1991.62.2.132

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study attempted to evaluatequantitative changes in radiographic density as an indicator of progression of periodontitis. Twenty‐one subjects with a history of periodontitis were monitored at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months using duplicate probing attachment level (PAL) measurements from Stents and computer assisted densitometric image analysis (CADIA) of standardized radiographs. Results indicate that the majority of sites exhibited no PAL change during the 9‐month period; however, the percentage of sites with loss increased with time. A mean of 6.1% of the sites/patient exhibited probing attachment loss during the study, as compared to a mean of 38.3% of the sites/patient that exhibited a loss of radiographic density. Due to the two dimensional nature of radiographs, density analysis was calculated in terms of radiographic “complexes” of multiple probing sites. There was significantly more density loss at complexes with ≥ 2 mm of attachment loss than at sites with no change in PAL at 9 months; there was no such difference noted at 3 and 6 months. Also, density loss tended to increase as more sites within each complex experienced PAL. Although there was a significant correlation between mean density and PAL changes during the same time interval, there were wide variations at individual sites. This study suggests that there is a complex relationship between density change on radiographs and PAL change. The difficulties inherent in comparing highly sensitive new technologies to relatively imprecise clinical measurements of the attachment level are discussed. Future studies should attempt to clarify the relationships between techniques that assess hard tissue and soft tissue changes in the periodontium and determine the clinical significance of the sensitive detection of radiographic density changes.J Periodontol 1991;62:135–141.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1991.62.2.135

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This in vitro study was designedto test the hypothesis that sampling of bacterial suspensions by absorbent paper points would accurately reflect the proportion of the bacterial species whether they are homogeneously or non‐homogeneously distributed in the sample site. The non‐homogeneously distributed populations consisted of equal numbers of colony forming units (CFU) of two periodontal bacterial species present as separate cultures, one layered on top of the other. The species in the top layer accounted for greater than 90% of the total number of CFU detected by paper point sampling, regardless of which species formed the top layer. In contrast, when the layers were mixed prior to sampling to give a homogeneous bacterial distribution, the paper points detected equal numbers of CFU of each species. Thus the hypothesis was not supported and the proportions yielded by paper point sampling are not the same when the bacteria are nonhomogeneously distributed as when they are homogeneously distributed. Ultrastructural observations have documented a non‐homogeneous distribution of bacterial species in periodontal pockets. If the specific microbiota in the apical portion of deep periodontal pockets are important to the periodontal disease process, these data suggest that bacterial samples obtained by absorbent paper points misrepresent the presence of such bacterial species.J Periodontol 1991;62:142–146.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1991.62.2.142

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Previous studies of the effects of nicotineon fibroblasts have reported an altered morphology and attachment of fibroblasts to substrates and disturbances in protein synthesis and secretion. This altered functional and attachment response may be associated with changes in the cell membrane resulting from binding of the nicotine, or to disturbances in cell metabolism as a result of high intracellular levels of nicotine. The purpose of the present study, therefore, was to 1) determine whether gingival fibroblasts bound nicotine and if any binding observed was specific or non‐specific in nature; 2) determine whether gingival fibroblasts internalized nicotine, and if so, at what rate; 3) determine whether gingival fibroblasts also released nicotine back into the extracellular environment; and 4) if gingival fibroblasts release nicotine intact or as a metabolite. Cultures of gingival fibroblasts were prepared from gingival connective tissue biopsies. Binding was evaluated at 4° C using a mixture of3H‐nicotine and unlabeled nicotine. Specific binding was calculated as the difference between3H‐nicotine bound in the presence and absence of unlabeled nicotine. The cells bound 1.44 (± 0.42) pmols/106cells in the presence of unlabeled nicotine and 1.66 (± 0.55) pmols/106cells in the absence of unlabeled nicotine. The difference was not significant. Uptake of nicotine was measured at 37° C after treating cells with3H‐nicotine for time periods up to 4 hours. Uptake in pmols/106cells was 4.90 (± 0.34) at 15 minutes, 8.30 (± 0.75) at 30 minutes, 12.28 (± 2.62) at 1 hour and 26.31 (± 1.15) at 4 hours. The efflux or release of nicotine was evaluated after treating cells with3H‐nicotine for 4 hours and then measuring the amount of3H‐nicotine released into fresh non‐radioactive medium over a 2‐hour period by direct scintillation counting of aliquots of medium and by chromatographic analysis of medium samples. Cells released nicotine back into the medium at a rate much slower than the rate of uptake, and the majority of nicotine released by the cells over the 2‐hour period was in the form of nicotine rather than a metabolite. At earlier time points, a greater percentage of the3H isotope separated chromatographically before3H‐nicotine, suggesting an association of the nicotine with intracellular vesicles or other intracellular components. The results of this study suggest that, although nicotine does bind to gingival fibroblasts, this binding is non‐specific, and that the uptake of nicotine by these cells is continuous over 4 hours, providing high intracellular levels. In addition, gingival fibroblasts also release nicotine, apparently unmetabolized, back into the medium. However, an apparent association of the nicotine with intracellular components seems to result in the development of high intracellular levels of nicotine which may interfere with normal cellular functions.J Periodontol 1991; 62:147‐152.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1991.62.2.147

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Background information about normal periodontalanatomy and titanium used in endosseous implant fabrication is provided. Literature is reviewed concerning epithelial and connective tissue attachment to titanium. Information about the adequacy of cell attachment to implants, possible mechanisms of cell attachment formation, and the effect of implant surface properties on attachment is presented. A chemical attachment between titanium implant surface oxide layer and epithelium has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. This attachment is mediated by a glycoprotein similar to that seen between epithelium and natural tooth surfaces. While only minimal histological evidence exists, connective tissue fibers adjacent to titanium implanted surfaces may bring the tissue in tight apposition to the implant without an absolute biologic attachment between the implant and connective tissue. Alteration of the titanium surface morphology may selectively enhance the attachment of either epithelial cells or fibroblasts, theoretically enhancing the formation of a biologic seal between the implanted titanium surface and its adjacent tissue. A greater understanding of the mechanisms of attachment and of the factors which enhance the integrity of the biologic seal between implant and soft tissues should permit an improved prognosis for functioning titanium implants.J Periodontol 1991; 62:153—160.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1991.62.2.153

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY