摘要:

This article discussesthe ability of metronidazole to improve periodontal health. Review of the drug's pharmacology and potential side effects indicate that it poses little threat to humans of inducing acute toxicity, mutagenesis, or cancer if used according to recommended dosing regimens. Studies addressing metronidazole utilization in a variety of clinical conditions demonstrate that its routine use does not enhance root planing. However, adjunctive antibiotic therapy may be advantageous in the treatment of sites where effective root planing is precluded due to deep pockets or when anaerobic periodontal infections do not respond to conventional therapy.J Periodontol 1993; 64:1– 15.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1993.64.1.1

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The role of smokingas a risk factor for Periodontitis was assessed separately in diabetic and nondiabetic study groups. Subject listings stratified for age (19 to 40 years) and sex were obtained for subjects with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and nondiabetic subjects. For both the IDDM group (n = 132) and the nondiabetic group (n = 95), age and sex stratified samples were constructed by random selection of subjects from each subject listing. Patients were recruited by phone, examined, and their medical and dental histories obtained. Among nondiabetic subjects, the prevalence of Periodontitis was markedly higher among current smokers compared with never smokers (P≤ 0.005) in both the 19 to 30 year‐old (46% vs. 12%) and 31 to 40 year‐old groups (88% vs. 33%). The subject mean percent of sites with gingival pocket depth ≥4 mm was higher among current smokers than never smokers (P= 0.001) in the 19 to 30 (8.2% vs. 3.4%) and 31 to 40 (14.3% vs. 4.3%) age groups. The effects of smoking among IDDM subjects were similar to that observed in the nondiabetic population. There were no differences between current and never smokers in the proportion of sites positive for plaque. Attributable risk percents from prevalence data suggest that among nondiabetic subjects, a large proportion, perhaps as much as 51% of the Periodontitis in the 19 to 30 year old group and 32% of the Periodontitis in the 31 to 40 year old group, is associated with smoking. These findings suggest that smokers are a high risk group for Periodontitis, and that smoking may be the single most important environmental risk factor for Periodontitis.J Periodontol 1993; 64:16–23.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1993.64.1.16

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Experimental gingivitis was inducedin 2 groups of 10 adult Wistar rats by feeding them a high sucrose diet for 30 days. Since cyclosporin has an immunosuppressive effect on the stimulation of T lymphocytes, the test group received 5 intraperitoneal injections of cyclosporin A from day 20 to 30 while the control group received no additional treatment. The gingival regions of the molars were studied in light and transmission electron microscopy. In both groups, a well‐differentiated wall of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) was present between the dental plaque and the papillary epithelium and no bacterial invasion occurred despite the local absence of T lymphocytes in the test group. It can be concluded that T lymphocytes are not involved in the mechanism of bacterial invasion.J Periodontol 1993; 64:24–28.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1993.64.1.24

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this study was to determine if a periodontal ligament can form around self‐tapping, screw type titanium dental implants. Implants were inserted in contact with the periodontal ligament of root tips retained in the mandibular jaws of 7 monkeys. In each side of the mandible, 1 premolar and 2 molars were removed in such a manner that in approximately half the cases, the root tips were retained. Following healing, the experimental areas were examined on radiographs, and sites were selected for the insertion of the implants, so that every second implant would have a close contact to the retained root tips. Three months after placement of the implants, the animals were sacrificed, and ground sections were produced for histological analysis. The results demonstrated that newly‐formed cementum had become deposited on the implant surface in the contact area between the implant and the retained roots, whereas osseointegration was consistently found on the remaining part of the implant surface as well as on the entire surface of the implants placed without contact to the retained root tips. The study has shown that, when placed in contact with periodontal ligament tissue of retained roots, a periodontal ligament can form on self‐tapping, screw type titanium dental implants in areas where a void is present between the surrounding bone and the implant at the time of insertion.J Periodontol 1993; 64:29–34.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1993.64.1.29

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study aimed to compare, in vivo, a conventional pocket probe with an automatic, computerized, constant force, electronic probe with a discrimination ability up to 0.1 mm. Sixteen adults with moderate chronic periodontitis and free of supra‐ and subgingival calculus participated in this study. Eight patients were examined by 2 investigators who used both the conventional and the automatic probes, for a total of 4 probings per subject. The remaining 8 patients were examined 4 times by investigator 1, twice with each probe. For each patient the Ramfjord teeth were examined and 6 sites were considered per tooth. Although the pocket depth measurements recorded by the manual probe were consistently deeper than those of the electronic probe, a good correlation was found between both recordings. Moreover, intra‐ and inter‐examiner comparisons showed comparable standard deviations for both probes and small differences in absolute scores. The conventional probe was slightly more reproducible whereas the automated probe had the advantage of automatic registration. The results indicate that both probes can be considered as valuable in clinical practice.J Periodontal 1993; 64:35–39.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1993.64.1.35

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It has been shown that patientswith localized juvenile Periodontitis (LJP) often harborActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitansin the subgingival area. However, little is known of the oral microflora in non‐LJP juvenile Periodontitis patients with less extensive disease. The purpose of this study was to describe the microflora and clinical parameters of young adults with minor to moderate periodontitis during treatment for a period of 1 year. Eleven patients 15 to 16 years of age were studied. All of them had 4 to 8 mm loss of attachment at minimally one site, but the typical clinical description of localized juvenile periodontitis was an exclusion criterion in this study. Microbiological examination of the deepest periodontal pocket and of the tongue revealed that 6 patients harboredActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitansand 5 harboredPorphyromonas gingivalis. Almost all subjects showed relatively high proportions ofPrevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, motile organisms, and spirochetes. On the basis of clinical and microbiological parameters the 11 patients could be assigned to 1 of 2 groups. Six cases had moderate periodontal breakdown with loss of attachment at 7 to 44 sites. All harboredA. actinomycetemcomitansand 5 of themP. gingivalis. These 6 cases responded relatively well to initial treatment despite the continued presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans. The other group consisted of 5 cases with relatively minor periodontal breakdown; i.e, 1 or 2 sites with 4 to 6 mm loss of attachment. NeitherA. actinomycetemcomitansnorP. gingivaliswas detected in the deepest pocket of these patients. All 5 responded well to initial treatment. It can be hypothesized that the subgingival presence ofA. actinomycetemcomitansin non‐LJP patients is not predictive for a poor response to initial treatment. Therefore, recognition and treatment ofA. actinomycetemcomitansassociated periodontitis, if diagnosed in an early stage, may be possible to treat with conventional mechanical periodontal treatment. It remains to be determined if the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans in these patients is a risk factor for further breakdown.J Periodontol 1993;64:40–47.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1993.64.1.40

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The subgingival microflora of 39 HIV + subjects with gingivitis or adult Periodontitis was cultured quantitatively anaerobically for bacteria, spirochetes, and mycoplasma and aerobically for yeasts. Isolates were characterized by conventional biochemical tests, Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of soluble proteins, cellular fatty acid profiles, immunofluorescence, and immunodiffusion. In general, the same types of bacteria were isolated from the subgingival crevice of HIV + subjects as we previously had isolated from the subgingival crevice of non‐HIV subjects. A statistically significant difference was found between the composition of the flora of HIV + subjects with adult Periodontitis (AP) and concurrent studies of a non‐HIV + AP population.Mycoplasma salivariumwas significantly elevated in the HIV+ subjects examined. Yeasts were isolated from only 10% of the samples and from 13% of the HIV‐positive subjects at 0.05 to 0.0002% of the total cultivable count when present.J Periodontol 1993; 64:48–56.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1993.64.1.48

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigatesthe effects of the placement of a bioresorbable Type I collagen barrier on clinically healthy sites. Ten human subjects, with at least one pair of matched periodontal defects included in a previous study, were investigated for the effect of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane placement on adjacent healthy sites. Control sites consisted of open flap debridement, while experimental sites consisted of similar debridement procedures with placement of a collagen membrane for GTR. The membrane placement was designed to completely cover the periodontal defect, and therefore of necessity overlapped adjacent periodontally healthy sites. It is these healthy sites that are included in the present study. Standardized measurements of change in probing attachment levels were obtained at the time of surgery and 1 year later. The differences in change of clinical attachment levels (CAL) were compared utilizing the Student r‐test for paired samples. The mean loss of CAL in the control sites was 1.00±1.179 mm, and in the test sites was 0.60±1.729 mm. When comparing the difference in changes of CAL in both test and control sites, there was no statistical significance. There was, however, a wide range of changes between individual sites, which might suggest a clinically meaningful change of CAL on an individual tooth basis. The results of this study suggest that the placement of a bioresorbable collagen barrier has no significant effect on CAL in healthy areas.J Periodontol 1993; 64:57–59.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1993.64.1.57

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Periostitis ossificans(“Garré's osteomyelitis”) of the mandible is a rather rare pathology that occurs as a hard swelling at the mandibular angle, persists for a long period, and is mostly painful on palpation. Clinical signs of infection are rarely noted. The etiological factor is generally a carious first permanent molar with a periapical infection or a fracture of the jaw. In this case, a 10 year‐old girl showed a fixed painful swelling of the right mandibular angle. This revealed to be periostitis ossificans, although none of the classical causes were present. The symptoms were evoked by a periodontal infection: there was an osseous crater and a probing pocket depth of more than 10 mm disto‐lingually of the first right permanent molar of the mandible. This was likely the etiological factor. Extraction of the first and second permanent right molar, curettage of the corresponding alveoli, and antibiotic treatment resulted in complete healing, clinically and radiologically, after 9 months.J Periodontol 1993; 64:60‐62.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1993.64.1.60

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Focal epithelial hyperplasiais an uncommon benign oral condition that occurs mainly in young individuals of certain racial groups. The lesions most commonly affect the mucosal surfaces of the lips and they have been observed frequently to regress within a few months. This is a report of an unusual case of focal epithelial hyperplasia in a young black adult presenting with generalized involvement of the gingiva. There is no clinical evidence of regression of the lesions and the case remains similar to the original appearance 2 years after diagnosis. The diagnosis and management of focal epithelial hyperplasia are discussed.J Periodontol 1993; 64:63–65.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1993.64.1.63

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY