摘要:

AbstractThe time of appearance and the pattern of localization of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in submandibular glands of mice was studied during postnatal development immunocytochemically. EGF was first detectable in the granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cells in the glands of males at 20 days of age and of females at 30 days of age. Development of GCT cells containing EGF was rapid in males, approaching adult conditions by 45 days of age. In females EGF‐containing GCTs developed more slowly and irregularly, and did not reach adult status by 45 days of age. It is concluded that EGF is restricted during postnatal development to the GCT cells, and that these cells and the distribution of EGF are represented dimorphically from their first appearance in the submandibular glands of both sexe

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001510102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMeasurements were made from ten Caucasian male and ten Caucasian female cadaveric larynges ranging in age from 9 to 18 years. The sample was divided into prepubertal and pubertal groups of each sex, respectively. Each specimen was dissected and measured according to a specified protocol so that data on linear and angular dimensions of the laryngeal cartilages and the weight of each cartilage were obtained. Results from this study highlighted differences in the developmental morphology of the circumpubertal larynx. With few exceptions, pubertal laryngeal measurements were significantly larger than prepubertal counterparts in both sexes. No clear sexual dimorphism was found between male and female prepubertal larynges though measurements of the prepubertal female larynx were closer to adult counterparts in size and weight than were those in the male. Thus the female larynx requires less growth per unit time to reach maturity than the male. By puberty, clear sexual dimorphism was evident in the larynx. Linear and weight measurements of the pubertal male larynx were significantly larger than in the female. Though the angle of the thyroid laminae was not significantly different in pubertal male and female cartilages, the thyroid eminence was clearly more prominent in the male. The vocal folds in both sexes reached essentially their adult length by puberty; however, the absolute length of the male vocal folds had increased by over two times that of the female.

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001510103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe scanning electron microscope was used to examine the Sertoli cells in normal and germ‐cell‐depleted testes. The Sertoli cells appear to attain characteristic configurations in the various stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. In tubules containing maturation‐phase spermatids, Stages I‐IV, the Sertoli cells exhibit column‐like bases which give rise to lamellae measuring 25–30 μm in width which ensheath the spermatids and residual cytoplasmic bodies. In the Stages VIII‐IX long flat sheets of Sertoli cytoplasm rest atop the step‐8 and ‐9 spermatids. These sheets are oriented parallel to the basement membrane of the tubule with their long axis parallel to the long axis of the tubule. In Stages V‐VI the head and proximal portion of the tail of the maturation‐phase spermatids are ensheathed in sleeve‐like Sertoli cell processes. Cuff‐like terminations demarcate the terminus of these sleeves that surround maturing spermatids up to spermiation. In tubules undergoing spermiation, the sleeves retract so that only the tip of the spermatid head remains in the sleeve. Appendicular processes extend from the dorsum of the Sertoli cell sleeves in the tubules undergoing spermiation. After spermiation the appendix elongates while the sleeve evaginates until the everted sleeve is a finger‐like process that extends into the tubular lumen. In tubules in which the seminiferous epithelium has been depleted with epinephrine injections the Sertoli cells attain two configurations. The first is characterized by having long attenuated lamellar processes that orient perpendicular to the basement membrane, with numerous ramifying processes arising from the lamellae. In the second configuration the Sertoli cells' lamellae orient parallel to the basement membrane of the tubule and lack the elaborate ramifications see

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001510104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe ultrastructure of spermatozoa from the cauda epididymidis and vas deferens ofOctodon degus— a Chilean hystricomorph rodent—is presented. The head of spermatozoa measured 7.7 μm long by 5.9 μm wide and the tail was 41 μm long. The head was flattened dorso‐ventrally and ovate in outline. The acrosome was the most distinctive feature ofO. degusspermatozoa. In a frontal view of the head, the rim of the acrosome surrounding the nucleus had the shape of an inverted U. The acrosomal region covering the plane of the flattened head exhibited dome‐shaped protrusions. Transverse or sagittal sections of acrosomal protrusions showed that the plasma membrane and outer acrosomal membrane were evaginated, while the inner acrosomal membrane followed the contour of the nucleus. The protrusions were not distributed at random and they were absent in the equatorial segment and in the rim of the acrosome.In frontal views, near the boundary between the acrosome and post‐acrosomal region, fine rods about 170 nm long ran obliquely on the caudal part of the equatorial segment. Behind the same boundary, the post‐acrosomal region showed a serrated border.Phosphotungstic acid treatment at pH 0.3 produced staining at the surface of the sperm as well as within a superficial layer of the marginal thickening of the acrosome and on the acrosomal

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001510105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of various hormones on the surface morphology of 20‐day‐old rat testicular cells in culture. Aggregates containing primarily Sertoli cells and germinal cells were obtained by enzymatic digestion. The surface morphology of the cells composing these aggregates was characterized under various culture conditions using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The cytoplasmic processes of Sertoli cells became highly branched and filamentous after being cultured in the presence of rat, human or ovine FSH. Identical branching and filamentation was observed when Sertoli cells were cultured in rat TSH. Finally, numerous large blebs were observed on the surfaces of germinal cells cultured in the presence of insulin.These results suggest that the branching and filamentation of Sertoli cell cytoplasm observed after FSH stimulation are not specific for that horm

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001510106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe histochemistry of lipids, Δ5‐3β‐, 20α and 17β‐hydroxy‐steroid dehydrogenases, glucose‐6‐phosphate and isocitrate dehydrogenases, NADH and NADPH‐diaphorases and acid phosphatase has been studied in the ovary of the cyclic hamster. None of the enzymes studied was present in the preantral follicles on day 1 (day of ovulation) or any day of the 4‐day cycle. With the development of antral follicles (on day 3) a few fine lipid droplets appeared in the granulosa cells. The theca interna exhibited moderate amounts of NADH‐diaphorase, Δ5‐3β‐HSDH, 17β‐HSDH and slight NADPH‐diaphorase, G‐6‐PDH and ICDH, whereas the granulosa cells of antral follicles showed weak Δ5‐3β‐HSDH, NADH‐diaphorase and moderate 17β‐HSDH but intense NADPH‐diaphorase, G‐6‐PDH and ICDH activities. All enzyme activities in both theca and granulosa became more pronounced on proestrus (day 4).In the corpora lutea (CL) all the above enzymes were present on day 1 and increased on day 2, followed by a rapid decline on days 3 and 4. Lipids were sparsely represented in CL on days 1 and 2 but showed marked accumulations on days 3 and 4. Likewise, acid phosphatase increased on days 3 and 4. The enzyme 20α‐HSDH was not detectable in the CL.The interstitium showed moderate amounts of lipids, Δ5‐3β‐HSDH and NADH‐diaphorase while 17β‐HSDH, NADPH‐diaphorase, G‐6‐PDH and ICDH were only weakly present. There were no appreciable changes in the lipid and various enzymes in the interstitium throughout the cycle except for Δ5‐3β‐HSDH which increased slightly on the afternoon of day 4. Acid phosphatase was not detected in appreciable amounts in the interstitium throughout the cycle.These findings suggest that preantral follicles are unlikely to contribute to steroidogenesis. The antral follicles are the principal source of estrogen, with the granulosa being the major site of synthesis. The interstitium can serve as a major source of progesterone (P) while the theca interna and granulosa cells of antral follicles may form additional sites for P synthesis on the afternoon of day 4. The CL in the hamster are very short‐lived and steroidogenesis in them may proceed beyond the synthesis of progesterone. The present findings are correlated with the steroid levels

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001510107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis combined light, transmission and scanning electron microscopic study describes and correlates the morphologic features of various types of cells present in normal human amniotic fluid (AF), during various stages of gestation. The aim of this investigation was to identify and characterize the viable cell population of AF cells as they pertain to the origin of AF cells growing in culture and their use for prenatal diagnosis.In all AF samples, including those obtained during the time period critical for prenatal diagnostic tests (14–16 weeks gestation), the majority of AF cells had the morphologic features of large squamous epithelial cells. By transmission and scanning electron microscopy these cells were characterized as keratinizing or non‐keratinizing squamous epithelial cells and resembled the cells found on various fetal surfaces (i.e., buccal mucosa, skin, etc.). As judged by Trypan blue stainability and the presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic degenerative changes, the AF squamous cells were considered non‐viable, and thus unlikely to grow in culture.The AF cells considered to be viable, because of their excellent ultrastructural preservation and exclusion of Trypan blue stain, formed only 10–15% of AF cells. Amongst this viable population, at least two morphologically distinct cell types were identified. One type had morphologic and functional characteristics of macrophages. The AF macrophages differed from other AF cells by the presence of a strong acid phosphatase reaction, numerous phagosomes and an ability to phagocytose in vitro, both latex particles and bacteria. Although AF macrophages appear to be a normal cell constituent of human AF, their origin and significance is unknown. The second type of viable AF cells appeared as single cells or in clusters and resembled the epithelial cells of amniotic lining. The amniotic cells showed excellent ultrastructural preservation of nuclei and cytoplasmic components. In contrast to AF macrophages, the amniotic cells contained cytoplasmic glycogen, possessed fine, regular surface microvilli and lacked both phagosomes and phagocytic capacity in vitro. It is proposed that these two types of viable AF cells may be the sources of cells growing in culture and could be responsible for the morphologic and biochemical heterogeneity of cultured A

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001510108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractQualitative and quantitative data on the growth of the mandibular condyle in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) are limited. The purpose of this investigation was to provide such data, with emphasis on variation in the size of the cartilaginous layers in the condyle and on condylar growth at five maturational levels (i.e., neonate, infant, juvenile, adolescent and young adult).Two regions of the mandibular condyle, the articular tissue and the prechondroblastic‐chondroblastic (growth) layer, were examined histologically in 38 rhesus monkeys. The absolute area of the articular layer increased dramatically from the neonatal through the juvenile age groups and then decreased gradually through the adult group. When the absolute values were expressed relative to condylar size, the first three maturational levels shared a common trend of increasing growth of the articular layer, with a cessation of growth in this tissue occurring during the adolescent period. This variation in articular layer tissue is probably the result of progressive alteration in the function of the temporomandibular joint.The size of the prechondroblastic‐chondroblastic (growth) cartilage increased dramatically between the neonatal and juvenile age groups, and subsequently decreased in older age groups. The relative thickness of the prechondroblastic‐chondroblastic cartilage reached its peak within the infant and juvenile levels, being greatest in the posterior region among the infants and in the postero‐superior region among the juveniles. This corresponds to previous investigations which have shown that greater vertical growth of the rhesus monkey mandible occurs during the infant period, while the direction of mandibular growth is more horizontal in subsequent age

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001510109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAfteria(osteopetrotic) rats receive whole body radiation and an injection of spleen cells from a normal littermate, the dense, sclerotic skeleton characteristic of osteopetrosis is rapidly remodeled and becomes normal in appearance radiographically and histologically within three weeks. The mechanism of this skeletal transformation has been explored in curediarats by light and electron microscopic examination of osteoclasts.Iniarats less than 25 days of age, osteoclasts viewed by electron microscopy lack a ruffled border‐the extensive elaboration of plasma membrane next to the bone surface. Curediarats have osteoclasts with ruffled borders indistinguishable from those of normal littermates. Iniarats that receive only 600 rads whole body radiation, osteoclasts are still present three weeks later, but appear abnormal by light microscopy, with dense nuclei and lacking cytoplasmic vacuoles next to the bone surface. Curediarats have two types of osteoclasts, one type indistinguishable from osteoclasts of normal littermates by light microscopy, the other resembling osteoclasts ofiarats that received radiation only.These data indicate that the mechanism of the spleen cell cure for osteopetrosis iniarats is rapid remodeling of the skeleton produced by osteoclasts with ruffled borders. Whether normal spleen cells produce these osteoclasts directly by cell division or indirectly by elaboration of some unknown local factor required for formations of ruffled borders byiaosteoclasts is not know

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001510110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSpleen cells from normal rats are known to cure osteopetrosis in ia littermates within 3 weeks. In this study cell suspensions from liver, thymus, bone marrow, salivary gland, skeletal muscle and brain from normal rats were tested for their ability to cure osteopetrosis in ia littermates whose ability to reject these cells had been suppressed by whole‐body irradiation. Cells from liver, thymus and bone marrow cured the disease as effectively as spleen cells from normal littermates. Mutants that received cells from salivary gland, muscle and brain remained osteopetrotic. These data suggest that some cell found in spleen, liver, thymus and bone marrow of 10‐day‐old normal rats, such as a lymphoid cell or stem cell, can restore hemopoiesis and bone resorption in osteopetrotic (ia)

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001510111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY