ISSN:0022-4588    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1963.tb00925.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe main soil groups present in Israel are listed, their geographic distribution is described and related to pedogenic factors. Three physiographic‐lithologic regions are recognized: the coastal region, the mountain and hill region, and the valleys, plains, and plateaux. Climate ranges from Mediterranean in the north to extremely arid in the south. Depending upon climatic conditions in each of the physiographic‐lithologic regions, climatogenic soils range from those characteristic of the Mediterranean region (noncalcic brown soils, terra rossa, brown rendzina, grumusols) in the north to desert soils (serozem, hammada) in the so

ISSN:0022-4588    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1963.tb00926.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryFor artificially reconstituted aggregates of soils low in organic matter the definitions of the stability of structure in terms either of cation balance and cation concentration of the ambient solution or of the drainage moisture contentsuction relationship characteristic after slow wetting are consistent.Identified factors of organic matter and of heating and drying (or drying alone) confer a structural stability on aggregates which can be detected by the moisture characteristic method. There is circumstantial evidence to suggest that the organic matter must be in equilibrium with vegetation.Since more than one factor affect structural stability, and since any particular method of distinguishing between different degrees of this stability may not necessarily suit the range of stabilities presented, the independent identification of soils, known to behave with differing aggregate structural stability in the field, is not necessarily possible with any laboratory method which describes changes in structural stability.

ISSN:0022-4588    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1963.tb00927.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn many parts of Scotland, igneous, metamorphic, and consolidated sedimentary rocks are weathered locally to depths as great as 40 feet. The weathered rock is often overlain by glacial till which incorporates some of the weathered material. Elsewhere, the weathered rock extends to the surface and forms the parent material of contemporary soils. Observations of weathering and soil formation in various parts of Europe, Asia, and North America indicate that the occurrence of deeply weathered rock in these countries, as well as in Scotland, may be attributed to weathering in a pre‐glacial perio

ISSN:0022-4588    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1963.tb00928.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySuperficial white sand, carrying a distinctive xerophytic scrub vegetation, associated with the Berbice Formation extends to depths of over 30 m. and has gradational contacts with flanking material. Discontinuous pans of humic material occur below. Shallower profiles show pronounced development of a humic B horizon overlying red sandy loam. The results suggest that the white sand was derived from sediments of a ferruginous nature with greater clay content, which supported a higher forest formation.

ISSN:0022-4588    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1963.tb00929.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4588    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1963.tb00930.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA preselected grid of sixty‐five randomly arranged sampling sites was the basis for a preliminary soil survey in south‐west Iceland.The soils were divided into freely drained soils and poorly drained soils, the larger group being freely drained, of which many were shallow lithosols and regosols varying in depth from a few cm. to 1–2 m.Visible soil characteristics result mainly from physical effects of climate and recent age of the soil parent material. The combined processes of alternate freeze and thaw and wind deposition have disrupted orderly soil morphology. Colour differences, usually varying shades of brown, are therefore minimized, and the mineral matter shows little sign of horizon differentiation, apart from bands of wind‐deposited volcanic ash. The poorly drained soils are mucky in appearance with a non‐indurated layer of bog iron above the permanent water‐table. Waterlogged conditions do not always lead to general gleying.Under the prevailing sub‐arctic climatic conditions grasses and most other species are shallow‐rooted, forming a surface mat 5–7 cm. thick.Field texture of freely drained surface soils is usually loamy, but may be extensively conditioned by high organic matter contents. Structure is weak platy, changing to block‐like and/or to single‐grained structure. On drying, soil aggregates usually disintegrate at the least pressure applied.Many surface features, normally related to frost action, occur, including earth hummocks, scars, V‐shaped gullies, polygons, and stone stripes

ISSN:0022-4588    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1963.tb00931.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAnnual applications of farmyard manure for 7 or 8 years have led to a significant increase in the available‐water capacity of a sandy loam soil and in the volume of water released at low tensions. The available‐water capacity increased, and the moisture characteristic altered, as the soil became more compacted during crop growth in both 1960 and 1961, and differences in moisture characteristics between the manured and unmanured soil were greatest at the harvest time of the c

ISSN:0022-4588    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1963.tb00932.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe organic phosphorus contents of a range of soils were determined by the extraction method of Mehtaet al.(1954) and by the ignition method of Legg and Black (1955) and the results compared with those obtained by an extraction method using Na2EDTA and caustic soda. The two extraction methods compared well, especially on soils over pH 5. Lower values were obtained by the ignition method on the more acid soils. The Na2EDTA method caused less hydrolysis of added glucose‐I‐phosphate than did either of the other methods. In combination with caustic soda Na, EDTA was less effective than Na2E

ISSN:0022-4588    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1963.tb00933.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryEven in early times not only the growth of the crops but also the costs of their production played a certain role. Also the suitability of soils for various crops has always been changing according to economic circumstances (prices of products) and changes in technology.Land‐use is greatly influenced by historical developments. These reflect the various economic and technical circumstances of the past. A survey of present land‐use can never be a basis for predictions on optimum land‐use. The Soil Survey is the only basis for these predictions.Present thought on land‐use is also very strongly influenced by the chemical schools of soil science which played such a dominant role in the recent past. The soil surveyor should co‐operate with experts on soil chemistry and soil fertility to stimulate optimum agricultural productivity under present conditions.In this changing world, land‐use is going to change rapidly, because economic and technical circumstances alter from day to day. The soil surveyor must demonstrate the different repercussions which these changes will have on his different soil types. He is the only man who can predict which surface areas are going to be affected by various changes of prices and of agricultural techniques. In this he must co‐operate with farm economists and with agricultural engineers.The soil surveyor cannot leave this work to others, because he is the only man who fully understands the terminology of the soil map and because he is also the only man who can handle his soil units as natural units. Furthermore, he should do this because it gives him a better understanding of the units which he is mapping and therefore the quality of his soil maps will als

ISSN:0022-4588    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1963.tb00934.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY