摘要:

Summary:False positive and negative hemoccult reactions on a normal diet and effect of diet restriction. M. L. Bassett and K. J. Goulston,Aust. N.Z. J. Med. 1980,10. pp. 1–4.The reliability of Hemoccult, a guaiacimpregnated slide for detecting faecal occult blood, was assessed on both normal and restricted diets. Two‐hundred‐and‐twenty‐five faecal samples were obtained from 40 patients on a normal diet, and 115 samples from 20 patients on a restricted diet. A single Hemoccult I test was performed on each sample. Faecal blood was quantitated by51Cr red cell labelling. On a normal diet, the false positive rate was 11%. This reduced to 2% on a high fibre diet free of red meat and raw fruit and vegetables. This false positive rate is lower than has been previously reported for other:more widely‐used, occult blood tests. The overall false negative rate was 48%; this diminished with increasing faecal

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1980.tb03408.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary:Hepatitis A outbreak in a residential school. C. R. Boughton, R. A. Hawkes, N. I. Lehmann and G. S. Grohmann,Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980,10, pp. 4–6.Outbreaks of hepatitis A occurred sequentially in two wards for children in a residential institution for the mentally retarded in Sydney. Twenty‐six of 47 children were initially susceptible to hepatitis A. In the first ward affected, 77 of 13 susceptible children (85%), and in the second ward, four of 13 susceptible (31%), were infected. Of the 15 showing serological evidence of infection, five (33%) were clinically jaundi

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1980.tb03409.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary:Coronary artery spasm: Use of ergo ovine in diagnosis. S. B. Freedman, R. F. Dunn, L. Bernstein, D. R. Richmond, G. O'Neill and D. T. Kelly,Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980, 10, pp. 6–11.Ergo ovine male ate was administered to 69 patients with chest pain but without significant coronary artery disease (<70% luminal diameter obstruction) to determine whether coronary artery spasm could be provoked. Coronary artery spasm was seen at angiography, or inferred from ECG or thallium myocardial perfusion scan changes. The test was positive in 76 patients: all five patients with documented variant angina (Group A); ten of the 19 patients with suspected variant angina (Group 6); one of the 11 patients with exercise‐induced chest pain (Group C); and none of the 34 patients with atypical chest pain (Group D). Patients with a positive test usually smoked, complained of recurrent nocturnal or early morning chest pain, showed ST changes during spontaneous chest pain and had minor degrees of fixed coronary obstruction (30–70%), when compared to those with a negative test. The only major side effect of the test was transient ventricular tachycardia which occurred in three patients and was reverted by sublingual and paranormal nitroglyc

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1980.tb03410.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary:An assessment of the clinical use of glyceryl trinitrate in a hospital outpatient population.F. K. Maclean, D. Hunt, J. J. Marty, J. G. Sloman and J. Shaw,Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980,10, pp. 12–14.Despite the availability of information on the use of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) in standard texts, in practice many patients fail to obtain maximum benefit from GTN. This study of an Outpatient population, documents the patients' knowledge of the use and precautions which should apply to GTN and records the ways in which these patients took the drug. Fifty patients who regularly took GTN (>5 tablets per week} were asked a series of questions by the same interviewer. Forty‐nine of the 50 patients took GTN for the relief of chest pain, but only 34 patients knew that the drug could be used to prevent chest pain. Although 48 patients kept their bulk supply of GTN in the original container, over 40% transferred some or all of the tablets to other containers and locations. Seventy per cent of patients knew that GTN tablets deteriorate with time. However, knowledge of the factors which influence the rate of deterioration was lacking. Less than half the patients knew that the prompt relief of pain or the local effects on the buccal mucosa could be used as simple tests of the activity of tablets. It is recommended that all physicians should take more time to explain to their patients how to use glyceryl trinitrate correc

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1980.tb03411.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary:The effects of body weight on serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, serum urate and systolic blood pressure. P. J. Brennan, J. M. Simpson, R. B. Blacket and C. A. McGilchrist,Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980,10, pp. 15–20.The effects of body weight and age on serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, serum urate and systolic blood pressure were examined in 600 male and 400 female blood donors aged 20 to 49 years. In the men significant correlations with body mass index were found for all four variables in each decade. In the women below 40 only the correlation with blood pressure was significant. In the fifth decade the correlations resembled those in the men, save for triglycerides. After adjusting for weight, age had no independent influence on the prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemia or hypertension in either sex. In men the effect of body weight on the prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia was age dependent. Age influenced hyper‐uricaemia independently of weight. In women only serum cholesterol was affected by age after allowing for weight. There was marked clustering of high values of the four variables in the heavier men and women and this increased with age. The leanest men and women were remarkably free of high val

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1980.tb03412.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary:Acute intrahospital stroke mortality—an improving picture. E. Byrne and R. C. B. Tilt man,Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980,10, pp. 21–24.Case fatality ratios for the stroke syndrome are reported for patients admitted to two South Australian Teaching Hospitals during the period 1968–77. A fall in intra hospital acute phase stroke mortality was seen from 28.1 % of stroke admissions in 1968–69 to 18.3% in 1976–77. Male stroke mortality rate fell from 28.1% to 17.0% and female mortality rate from 28.4% to 19.9% over this period. Changes in admission criteria and in duration of hospitalization do not appear to account for this improvement in mortality figures. The age distribution of the total inpatient stroke population did not change significantly over this period. An increase in all hospital admissions of 46% over the period was paralleled in the stroke subgroup 15.5%. No improvement in therapeutic methods over the period in question appears to fully account for the improvement in mortality figures and it is inferred that these figures indicate an overall decrease in stroke severity on pre

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1980.tb03413.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary:Heparin‐associated thrombocytopenia: Case report and prospective study. A. S. Gallus, K. T. Goodall, W. Beswick and C. N. Chesterman,Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980,10, pp. 25–31.After observing a patient with heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia we prospectively recorded the incidence of thrombocytopenia associated with heparin treatment by measuring the platelet count every second day in 166 patients given therapeutic heparin for various thrombo‐embolic disorders, and 51 patients given low‐dose heparin prophylaxis. A platelet count below 100×10g/litre developed in nine patients (5.4%) during or soon after full‐dose heparin therapy, and in one patient given low‐dose heparin. Careful clinical review suggested that heparin was either the most likely cause or a contributing cause of thrombocytopenia in 51166 patients (3.0%) receiving therapeutic heparin and none of the patients who received prophylactic heparin. Associated laboratory studies suggest that heparin‐initiated platelet aggregation in vivo is a useful marker for heparin‐induce

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1980.tb03414.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary:3,3‘ diiodothyronine: serum concentration and production in normal and abnormal thyroid states. J. M. Corcoran and C. J. Eastrnan,Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980,10, pp. 32–38.This study reports the details of a specific, sensitive radioimmunoassay for 3,3′ diiodothyronine (3,3'T2) in human serum and the results obtained from measurement of serum 3,3'T2concentrations in normal humans and in patients with a variety of thyroidal and non thyroidal diseases. This assay permits measurement of 3,3'T2in unextracted serum with a sensitivity of 10 to 20 pmolll and intraassay and interassay coefficients of variation of 3% and 9% respectively.Normal serum concentrations of 3,3'T2in healthy, euthyroid adults ranged from 10 to 140 pmolll in males and from 8 to 196 pmolll in females. Mean levels were not significantly different. In women taking oral contraceptives serum 3,3'T2concentrations ranged from 48 to 218 pmolll with a mean of 133 pmolll which was significantly higher than the normal female group (P<0.001): Mean serum 3,3'T2concentrations were increased in hyperthyroid and decreased in hypothyroid patients, however, there was considerable overlap of individual results with normal subjects. Serum 3,3'T, levels in sick euthyroid patients were mostly below assay sensitivity. By contrast serum 3,3'T2levels in cord blood were significantly higher than in normal adults with a range of 173 to 405 pmolll and mean of 287 pmolll. Serial studies performed on hypo‐thyroid patients given either L‐T3(60 μg/day) or L‐reverse T3(120 μg/day) in divided dosage revealed significant rises in serum 3,3'T2levels.These results demonstrated extrathyroidal conversion of both T3and reverse T3to 3,3'T2in peripheral tissues.Data obtained from kinetic studies of 3,3'T2metabolism in normal adults revealed a mean metabolic clearance rate of 175 ± 112 I/day (range 110–276 I/day), and a mean half life of 8.3±1.0 hours. These data are consistent with an average daily production rate of 15.75 nmollday.It is concluded that 3,3'T2is a normal constituent of human serum and is derived from peripheral mono deiodination of both T3and reverse T3. The biological significance of this metabolite has not ye

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1980.tb03415.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary:Immunological status may predict clinical outcome in BCG treated melanoma. P. M. Reynolds. G. Grimsley. R. L. Dawkins, M. J. Byrne and P. J. Zilko.Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980,10, pp. 39–43.Twenty‐seven patients with surgically reseated stage Il or III malignant melanoma were treated with bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) and followed prospectively to determine whether relapse could be predicted. Peripheral blood mononuclear (lymphocyte plus monocyte) counts (PBM), T and B cell counts, phyto‐haemagglutinin (PHA) cytotoxicity, PHA transformation, antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and serum immunoglobulin concentrations were studied before and during therapy. Patients ultimately classified as having a poor clinical outcome (inoperable recurrence) were compared with those with a more favourable outcome. Prior to therapy, poor outcome patients had lower PBM and T cell counts but there was some overlap. After three months, these differences were more pronounced. Low PHA cytotoxicity was also associated with poor outcome; again the differences were more apparent at 3 months than prior to therapy.These results suggest that PBM, T cell counts and PHA cytotoxicity may predict poor outcome some months before inoperable recurrence is appare

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1980.tb03416.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary:Renal infection with mycobacterium chelonei. G. J. Becker, R. G. Walker, L. J. Dziukas, K. J. Harvey, R. Valentine and P. Kincaid‐Smith,Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980,10, pp. 44–47.A case of renal infection with Mycobacterium chelonei is described. The infection probably occurred via haematogenous spread from an infected arteriovenous shunt in a uraemic woman. Prolonged treatment with intravenous cefoxitin combined with oral erythromycin and rifampicin eradicated the organism from the urine. Although renal function stabilized for one year, gradual deterioration to end‐stage renal failure occ

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1980.tb03417.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY