ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1982.tb02413.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1982.tb02414.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The other side of statistical significance: a review of Type II errors in the Australian medical literature. J. C. Hall,Aust. N.Z. J. Med.,1982, 12, pp. 7–9.A review of 1416 scientific papers which appeared in the Australian medical literature between 1976 and 1978 revealed 191 instances (13%) of authors claiming “negative” results. In 72 (38%) of these papers there was enough information present to estimate the probability of a false‐negative (Type II) error. Forty‐three (60%) of theseadmissible studies had a greater than 50 per cent chance of missing a true 10 per cent difference between the groups under investigation. Critical readers should be suspicious of unqualified statements about the inability of a variable to discriminate between two groups, especially when small sizes have

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1982.tb02415.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract::Early detection of aortic dilatation in ankylosing spondylitis using echocardiography. D. Thomas, W. Hill, R. Geddes, M. Sheppard, J. Arnold, J. Fritzsche and P. M. Brooks,Aust. N.Z. J. Med.,1982, 12, pp. 10–13.Aortic root abnormalities including cusp thickening, subvalvular stenosis, and mild aortic root dilatation are the most common cardiac complications in patients with long standing ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Twenty‐three patients with definite idiopathic AS (New York Criteria 1966) and twenty‐two matched controls were studied with M‐mode echocardiography. Only one of the AS patients had clinical aortic incompetence. Six of the AS patients had mildly dilated aortic roots (normal<3–7 cm) with a mean diameter of 3–9 cm (range 38 to 4‐ 00 cm). None of the twenty‐two controls matched for age, sex and blood pressure had dilated aortic roots, with a mean diameter of 3‐3 cm (range 2–9 to 3–6 cm).No correlation existed between aortic dilatation and severity of disease estimated by acute phase proteins–caerulo plasmin, alpha 1‐antitrypsin, alpha 1 acid glycoprotein, ferritin and C Reactive protein.Contrary to a previous report, mild aortic root dilatation occurs in long standing cases of AS. Although it is a non‐specific finding, it does not appear to be related to age or blood pressure and may therefore be the foreru

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1982.tb02416.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Accuracy of hospital diagnosis of myocardial infarction. I. H. Craig,Aust. N.Z. J, Med.,1982, 12, pp. 14–18.The accuracy of diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) was investigated in 380 consecutive patients admitted to hospital with suspected Ml. Patients were classified according to World Health Organization criteria as having either definite Ml, possible Ml, no Ml or unclassified through insufficient information.Of 214 patients with definite Ml, 202 were diagnosed as Ml in the case records (false negative rate 6%). Of 32 patients with possible Ml, one was diagnosed as Ml in the case records (false negative rate 97%). All 129 patients without Ml were correctly diagnosed in the case records. Five patients were unclassified.MI was therefore diagnosed with high specificity. A correct diagnosis in the group with possible Ml may not be essential for optimal hospital management, since no deaths occurred in these patients and most were not monitored in hospita

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1982.tb02417.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The importance of hepatitis B infection in the aetiology of chronic hepatitis: a Sydney hospital experience. G. W. McCaughan, C. Parsons, R. G. Batey and N. D. Gallagher,Aust. N.Z. J. Med.,1982, 12, pp. 19–21.This is an analysis of the role of the hepatitis B virus as an aetiological factor in forty‐two patients with either chronic active or chronic persistent hepatitis. Hepatitis B surface antigenaemia was present in seven of 27 patients with chronic active and in seven of 15 with chronic persistent hepatitis. In patients without hepatitis B surface antigenaemia, other hepatitis B markers were found in seven patients although their presence was thought unlikely to have aetiological significance. This report suggests a substantial contribution of hepatitis B infection to the cause of chronic hepatitis in Syd

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1982.tb02418.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A prospective study of persistent diarrhoea. T. D, Bolin, A. E. Davis and V. M. Duncombe,Aust. N.Z. J. Med.,1982,12, pp. 22–26.A prospective study was undertaken in 100 patients with diarrhoea to identify the causes and to better define the prevalence of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and to determine if there was a diagnostic symptom complex evident in patients with IBS. A diagnosis of IBS was made in 28 patients and in this group the prevalence of lactase deficiency was found to be 40%. Pain in association with urgency was usual and urgency occurring in the absence of pain was more likely to be found in association with an organic colonic lesion, The two most important symptoms which distinguish IBS from other causes were blood in the motions and weight loss. Giardia lamblia were found in nine patients and 15 patients responded to an empirical course of either metronidazole or Imidazole, without a positive diagnosis of giardiasis being made. Fourteen patients had inflammatory bowel disease and a variety of drugs were responsible for diarrhoea in 10% of patients. Sigmoidoscopy and small bowel biopsy were the most valuable diagnostic investigation

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1982.tb02419.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Meal stimulated gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide levels before and after partial gastric transection for morbid obesity. A. Shulkes, R. D. M. Allen and K. J. Hardy,Aust. N.Z. J. Med.,1982, 12, pp. 27–30.The aim of the study was to determine the basal and meal stimulated plasma gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide levels in six morbidly obese patients before and after partial gastric transection (gastroplasty), an operation which results in the distention of the stomach with a small volume of food. The partial gastric transection involved the creation of a proximal gastric pouch of approximately 100 ml, with a 1 2 cm diameter lumen between the proximal and distal gastric pouch. Basal gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide were not altered by the operation. The magnitude of the pancreatic polypeptide response to the meal was significantly depressed, although the time course was not changed. Inhibition of pancreatic secretion is thought to be a physiological function of pancreatic polypeptide, hence its decreased release warrants further investigation in relation to the effect of partial gastric transection on pancreatic functio

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1982.tb02420.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A longitudinal study of hepatitis infection in an institution for the mentally retarded. M. G.The natural history of hepatitis A and B infections in a large institution for the mentally retarded were studied over an eight year period. Serum samples were obtained from most subjects on three occasions and tested for anti‐HAV, HBsAg, anti‐HBs and occasionally anti‐HBc, by solid‐phase radioimmunoassay.Hepatitis A was found to have been a common infection with 74‐8% of subjects having detectable levels of antibody. The virus does not appear to be endemic, as the prevalence of antibody in children admitted since the last outbreak was no higher than amongst non‐institutionalised children. The infection rate amongst subjects with Down's syndrome (DS) was higher than amongst subjects with other forms of mental retardation (OMR), and more than 95% of infections in both groups were unrecognised.By contrast with hepatitis A, hepatitis B virus was endemic in the institution with 81 ? 2% of residents showing serological evidence of current or past infection. Of these, 40‐8% of subjects with DS and 9‐2% of those with OMR were found to be chronic carriers. The carrier rate was higher in males than females and tended to be more prolonged in subjects with DS.During the study period, the predominant subtype of HBsAg detected in the institution changed

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1982.tb02421.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Alcohol unrelated hepato‐biliary disorders in the alcoholic: the role of liver biopsy in determining the aetiology of liver disease. G. Whelan, M. Peters, P. V. Desmond and P. S. Bhathal,Aust. N.Z. J. Med.,1982, 12, pp. 34–38.Alcoholics with abnormal liver function tests are generally assumed to have one of the recognised patterns of alcoholic liver injury. This report described a group of nine patients who were initially thought to have alcoholic liver disease but were found on liver biopsy to have a variety of liver disorders unrelated to alcohol. Liver biopsy showed granulomatous hepatitis in three, primary biliary cirrhosis in two, and cholestasis of unknown cause, large duct biliary obstruction, haemochromatosis with secondary carcinoma and Budd‐Chiari syndrome in one each.The histological changes observed in liver biopsy samples are believed to represent a chance occurrence of liver disease due to some agent other than alcohol and illustrates that forms of hepatic disease that affect the population at large can and do occur in heavy alcohol cons

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1982.tb02422.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY