ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is responsible for significant morbidity and health expenditure. Doppler ultrasound techniques provide a noninvasive method for identifying structural and functional abnormalities associated with CVI; this information then allows treatment options to be considered. Ultrasound allows clear identification of specific venous segments and provides information on the patency of these segments, the presence or absence of reflux, perforator veins, collateral channels, or patterns of recurrence after surgery. Techniques for the assessment of the lower limb veins are described, as are the techniques for the elicitation and quantification of reflux.

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This overview provides information regarding the clinical application of transvaginal sonography of the endometrium. The latest information is described and illustrated.

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Although the anatomy of the hand and wrist is complex and the pathologic conditions encountered are diverse, many of the disease processes are localized, and in many situations, the clinical question is specific and limited. Because of this, ultrasound has always been an attractive imaging modality for evaluation of hand and wrist problems. Unfortunately, intrinsic difficulties in ultrasound image acquisition and interpretation have slowed the acceptance of hand and wrist sonography. Recently, however, new developments in high-resolution transducers and signal processing have dramatically improved image quality and scanning flexibility. For this reason, hand and wrist sonography is now more widely accepted and is taking its place along side other traditional modalities such as radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and arthrography. Specific situations in which ultrasound offers definite benefits include evaluation of tendon inflammation and rupture, evaluation of palpable masses or suspected occult masses, and evaluation of suspected foreign bodies. Analysis of the median nerve is also possible and in the future, may have a role in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is an evolving technique used by gastroenterologists to examine lesions that are located either within or adjacent to the walls of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract; this topic is relatively unknown to most radiologists. Proper use of this modality is benefited by a cooperative effort between gastroenterologists and radiologists specializing in ultrasound and cross-sectional imaging. This article informs radiologists of the applications of this procedure. Most patients are examined with EUS after a biopsy of a mucosal tumor has been performed. A smaller number are performed to evaluate submucosal masses or when pancreatic disease is suspected but not diagnosed. The examinations can be performed either with dedicated flexible echoendoscopes or with catheter-based probes passed through a conventional endoscope. The exact location of abnormalities associated with the upper GI tract can be observed. Known anatomic landmarks are sought. Abnormalities of structures outside the upper GI tract will occasionally be found during these examinations. The specific layers of the walls of the gut are examined, and the T and N-classification of upper GI tumors can be determined accurately. The performance of an EUS examination requires advanced skills, and in many medical centers, it is the imaging modality of choice to stage cancers, to evaluate submucosal masses, and to investigate both malignant and benign pancreaticobiliary disease. Endoscopic ultrasound is sensitive but not specific, and biopsy is necessary to establish a diagnosis. Therapeutic applications of EUS are evolving. Specialized applications with catheter-based probes are also being developed.

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article introduces the experience in intraoperative liver ultrasound in China. Intraoperative liver ultrasound was mainly used in patients treated for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatolithiasis, with purposes for further diagnosis and decision making and guidance of surgical procedures. With respect to detection of liver tumors, intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) was significantly more sensitive, especially in small foci, as compared with preoperative ultrasound and computed tomography scanning, as well as intraoperative inspection and palpation. It was also more precise in localizing lesions than preoperative imaging investigations. Intraoperative echoangiography via hepatic arterial injection of carbon dioxide was shown not only to help assess position of catheter and vascularity of tumors but also to improve sensitivity in detecting small tumor foci in patients undergoing hepatic arterial chemoembolization. Intraoperative ultrasound was also used to guide hepatectomies. It ensured to obtain curative resection of the tumors and maximum preservation of functioning hepatic parenchyma simultaneously. For hepatolithiasis, IOUS offered accurate localization of stones, lithotomy (with its guidance), reduction of the rate of residual stones, and follow-up of the outcome of lithotomy.

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID