ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Multiple studies have suggested that Doppler may improve the clinical utility of the sonographic assessment of renal dysfunction by identifying the abnormal patterns of blood flow known to occur with renal disease. Unfortunately, although the resistive index is often elevated with renal disease, the poor sensitivity and specificity of this finding has limited the clinical relevance of intrarenal Doppler analysis. Resistive index (RI) measurements may sometimes be helpful for the identification of urctcral obstruction, although the RI may often be normal, particularly when obstruction is partial or acute. Discrepant findings in the literature and recent discouraging Doppler results may be a reflection of our poor understanding of both the abnormal hemodynamics that occur with renal disease and the factors that cause an abnormal RI.

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The blood supply to the liver is shared by the portal vein and the hepatic artery, and the two vessels act in concert in various physiologic circumstances so that total liver blood flow remains constant. Hepatic arterial blood flow can be studied using Doppler sonography. Because the technique is noninvasivc, physiology can be observed in healthy persons, and examinations can be repealed in patients, as necessary. This article outlines the anatomy of the hepatic artery, the technique of the Doppler examination, and the physiologic response to a meal. After transplantation, graft function and especially the bile ducts depend on a patent hepatic artery. Signs of hepatic artery occlusion, stenosis, and collateral formation are outlined both for the transplanted and the orthotopic liver. Signs of arteriosclerosis and aneurysms of the hepatic artery are described. We also describe changes in hepatic artery blood flow, which have been measured using Doppler sonography in patients with cirrhosis, hepatorenal syndrome, and liver tumors. These observations promise to further our understanding of the pathophysiology of these diseases.

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Percutaneous fine needle biopsy is now an established routine diagnostic procedure in the armamentarium of radiology and represents the quickest and safest way to establish the cytologic and histologic diagnosis of a pathologic process in almost any organ in the body. This technique has blossomed with the use of needle guidance by cross-sectional imaging modalities, which ensure accurate placement of the biopsy needle in the target. Unquestionably the procedure is a safe one; clearly however, it is not free of serious complications, including death, and should be undertaken only when clinically indicated. The literature has been reviewed and includes single institutional series and a series of questionnaires both in this country and in Europe, confirming the overall safety of the procedure, and presents some statistical analyses that point to possible ways to avoid these complications.

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Evaluation of the seminal tract is important in the treatment of patients with infertility, recurrent prostatitis. hematospermia, and carcinoma of the prostate. Increasing importance is being attached to noninvasive imaging modalities including transrectal ultrasonography. computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Vasography has long been the traditional method to evaluate the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and ejaculatory ducts. Transrectal sonography, because of its noninvasive nature, is assuming a more prominent role in diagnosing diseases of the distal seminal tract, including cystic lesions of the prostate gland, which may be the cause of partial or complete obstruction of the ejaculatory ducts. It can also detect a seminal vesicle cyst or more complex abnormality that may be associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis or dysplasia. Cystic dilation of the seminal vesicle(s) may be associated with ectopic insertion of the ipsilateral ureter into the seminal vesicle, proximal urethra, bladder neck, or inferomedially to the normal location in the trigone. Inflammatory disease of the distal seminal tract is usually associated with prostatitis. Chronic inflammation can obstruct the vas deferens or the ejaculatory ducts and cause fibrosis with a sonographically visible reduction in the size of the seminal vesicles. Tuberculosis is characterized by calcifications and dilation of the seminal tracts. Primary benign and malignant tumors are rare and have no specific features. Secondary tumors are more common and are observed in patients with prostate and bladder cancer.

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID