ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1969.tb09991.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1969.tb09900.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1969.tb10005.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYFollowing unilateral ligation and reanastomosis of a ureter in pigs a series of “acute” changes in overall renal size occur which may be of clinical importance.The accompanying “parenchymal” changes (macroscopic) of obstructive atrophy form the basis of a specific radiological picture similar to that found in man, which persists unchanged apart from some subsequent growth after obstruction is removed and which remains definable after a period of complete obstruction lasting only a few days.There is evidence that the intra–renal by–pass is operating towards the end of the second week.The sequence of events is altered in the presence of arterial disease, and partial instead of complete ureteric

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1969.tb10006.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1969.tb09901.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1 The management of ureteral injuries in two previous series has been reviewed. All operations except reimplantation into the bladder were found to give bad results or to cause unnecessary sacrifice of kidneys.2 Twelve trans‐uretero‐ureterostomies for varying indications have all given good results. This operation is simple, has few complications and preserves kidneys consistently and safely.3 Indications and contra‐indications are suggested.4 More extensive assessment of the operation i

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1969.tb09902.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe interpretation of the renogram is not straightforward. This is due to the complexity of the kidney and not to any complexity in the technique of renography. The commonly used empirical method of interpretation is discussed. The technique of Computer Assisted Blood Background Subtraction (C.A.B.B.S.) renography is described and a theory of the renogram is presented which leads to a rigorous method of quantitation. The ratio between the efficiencies with which the kidneys take up Hippuran can be obtained. This is equivalent to the ratio of the effective renal plasma flows. It is hoped to quantitate aspects of the mechanism of transport of Hippuran through the kidney in order to assess renal autoregulation and other aspects of nephron function.

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1969.tb09993.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYObservations on the structural changes in experimental hydronephrosis due to complete obstruction of the lower ureter of pigs have suggested that the mechanism of renal substance loss is primarily due to a direct pressure effect on and within the papillae. As a consequence of extensive tubular rupture, disintegration or atrophy, there is a progressive loss of pyramid tissue.Initial cortical changes are secondary to changes in the papillae because of interference with segments of individual nephron units, and consist predominantly of tubular atrophy, although tubulorrhexis also occurs. The distribution of the early cortical changes is related to an anatomical fact frequently overlooked—‐Henle loops are distributed within pyramids according to glomerular zones. Compression of the pelvic renal vein branches by the distending pelvis increases abnormal intra–renal pressure gradients as does focal thrombosis of peritubular capillaries and veins, and may be a contributory factor to furthering and maintaining tubular damage. There is no evidence of a major segmental ischasmic effect. Although compression of the interlobar arteries would be expected to produce general ischaemia in obstructed kidneys, the best preserved cortical areas are furthest from the blood supply, and in post–obstructed kidneys there is no evidence of a previous general ischaemic effect. During the fourth week the rate of cortical atrophy is increased, for with dilatation of the pelvis an increased effective compression force is exerted upon the lateral portions of renal lobules.When ureteric obstruction is relieved and the kidneys are allowed to repair for six months, there is a progressive reduction in kidney size in proportion to the period of obstruction. One kidney became contracted with surface scars, but there is no evidence of chronic pyelonephritis. The histological appearances of these kidneys are of amazing reconstruction of the cortex with minimal fibrosis.One incompletely obstructed kidney became larger than the contralateral kidney in the six–month post–obstructive period, although of reduced mass. Further studies on back pressure atrophy due to incomplete ureteric obstruction are required to resolve conflicting views on p

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1969.tb10007.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1 A retrospective computer‐analysis was made of 348 cases of renal cell carcinoma seen at The London Hospital between 1940 and 1965 inclusive.2 Two hundred and forty case records were of adequate quality for study.3 One hundred and sixty‐four patients underwent nephrectomy: the corrected five‐year survival rate was 40 per cent.4 Ninety‐six patients were treated by nephrectomy only, with a five‐year survival rate of 52 per cent.; 68 patients were treated by nephrectomy and post‐operative irradiation, with a five‐year survival of 25 per cent.5 Further analysis of these results with regard to tumour stage and tumour grade showed that irradiation to the renal bed had not improved the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma over tha

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1969.tb09903.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYKidney scanning is a simple and safe way of estimating relative functioning renal mass and assessing areas of regional dysfunction. It is usefully combined with measurements of the rate of uptake of 197 Hg chlormerodrin. Processing the data by digital computer is likely to add considerably to the information obtained from scans.By combining conventional kidney scanning with vascular scanning it is possible to distinguish cysts from tumours.

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1969.tb09994.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY