摘要:

SUMMARY—Ten patients with a suspected diagnosis of megacalices have had pressure‐flow studies to confirm or exclude obstruction. Eight had no evidence of obstruction and amongst these there were 2 patients with a non‐obstructed megaureter. Two patients showed evidence of obstruction and remain a dilemma from a management viewpoint. If “megacalices” is used simply as a descriptive term, then the spectrum of disease is wider than previously

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1981.tb03119.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY—Biochemical studies were performed on 80 adult males with renal stones and 24 controls from Northern Sudan. Similar studies were performed on 44 controls from Southern Sudan, where urinary stones rarely occur.No significant differences between stone formers and controls from Northern Sudan were found regarding serum uric acid, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumen, daily urine calcium or uric acid. Similarly, no significant difference was found between the 2 groups in the incidence of hypercalciuria, hyperuricaemia or hyperuricosuria. The serum calcium was significantly higher in stone formers.The mean serum and daily urine calcium were significantly lower, and the mean serum and daily urine uric acid were significantly higher in controls from Southern Sudan compared to either stone formers or controls from Northern Sudan. The mean daily urine volume was significantly higher in Southern controls compared to Northern controls.The increased prevalence of stone formers in Northern Sudan appears to result from the higher calcium output in the urine and the lower urine volume in the North compared with the Sout

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1981.tb03120.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY—A multilocular cyst of the kidney in an adult with malignant papillary adenocarcinornatous transformation is described. The histogenesis and prognosis of rnultilocular cysts are discussed with special reference to their relationship with Wilms' tumo

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1981.tb03121.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY—The use of the Autosuture* stapling devices for performing enteric anastomoses is described. Such anastomoses can be performed more quickly and more uniformly than sutured ones, with few complication

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1981.tb03122.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY—The influence of exogenous infusion of prostaglandins (PGs) of the F2αand E2series and of indomethacin on micturition cycles was investigated in 30 anaesthetised female dogs. In 30 other animals, urethrovesical disconnection was performed to study the action of PGs and of indomethacin without the muscle continuity factors.In the intact animal model during vesical distension, PGElproduced a significant urethral pressure drop and a dose‐dependent reduction in the threshold micturition volume. PGF2αproduced a significant urethral pressure rise. At doses higher than 0.3 μg/kg, PGF2αreduced the threshold micturition volume. On the other hand, indomethacin significantly increased the threshold micturition volume and reduced the maximum intravesical pressure.In the disconnected model, PGE2produced a dose‐dependent decrease in the resting urethral pressure and hardly affected the intravesical pressure; PGF2αproduced a dose‐dependent increase in both urethral and intravesical pressures.Thus it is suggested that endogenous PG release during vesical distension could play a facilitatory role in

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1981.tb03123.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY—Incontinence is an unwelcome complication of transurethral resection (TUR) of the bladder neck in the female. A computerised analysis of 238 procedures performed during the period 1940 to 1972 was carried out to assess the morbidity due to this complication and to evaluate possible predisposing factors.Initially 1 5.2% of patients were incontinent but 70% of these soon became continent without further treatment. The remaining 4.7% were treated by surgical or other measures. The incidence of incontinence was unrelated to the amount of tissue removed or to the number of operations, but was significantly lower when the operation was done for polypi of the bladder neck and significantly higher in patients with a cystocele or urethrocele. It seems possible to reduce the incidence of incontinence by careful selection of case

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1981.tb03124.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY—Specimens from the human male and female external urethral sphincter and the periurethral levator ani muscle have been examined using histochemical and electron microscopic techniques.In both sexes the external sphincter consists of a single population of type I (slow twitch) fibres with a mean diameter of 1 7.47±0.7 μm in the absence of muscle spindles. In contrast, the periurethral levator ani possesses muscle spindles and the constituent fibres form a heterogeneous population of type I and type II (fast twitch) fibres, with mean diameters of 45.5±0.8 μm and 59.5±3.4 μm respectively.These findings indicate that the external urethral sphincter is functionally adapted to maintain tone over prolonged periods and may be of considerable importance in producing active urethral closure during continence. The anatomical location and fibre characteristics of the levator ani muscle suggest that these fibres actively assist in urethral closure, particularly during events which cause elevation of intra‐abdominal pressure.In view of the differences in fibre characteristics between the external urethral sphincter and the levator ani, EMG activity recorded from a single site in the levator ani may not be representative of the functional status either of other levator ani muscle fibres or of the external urethral

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1981.tb03125.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY—A retrospective study of 56 patients with penile injuries showed that 28 injuries were sustained during coitus and a further 12 in other sexual practices. Four different types of injury to the erectile mechanism are described and the management of each discussed.A modified phalloplasty technique is described for patients who have sustained a complete loss of the phallu

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1981.tb03126.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY—In a series of patients presenting with acute epididymo‐orchitis, the abnormalities detected on intravenous urography were analysed.Urography is recommended in patients aged over 50 and in pre‐pubertal boys, but it did not prove useful in adult patients under 50 years of age without other sym

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1981.tb03127.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY—The anatomy of scrotal fat was studied histologically and by dissection in 28 normal cadavers and 44 idiopathic infertile subjects. Two fat patterns were described: normal and infertile. In the normal pattern, a small posterior extratunicary pad of fat was constantly encountered. lntratunicary fat occurred as small granules between the cord veins.Thirty‐eight of the 44 idiopathic infertile subjects had scrotal lipomatosis, of which 2 types were recognised: extratunicary and intratunicary. The latter showed 2 patterns: diffuse and lobular. The diffuse pattern occurred in obese subjects and those of normal build, and the fat was firmly adherent to the cord veins. The lobular pattern occurred exclusively in the obese, and the lobules were loosely connected to the cord.The anatomical features of the normal fat pattern in relation to maximal testicular thermoregulatory efficiency were discussed. The role of scrotal lipomatosis in infertility was clarified and the relationship of scrotal lipornatosis to obesity presen

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1981.tb03128.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY