ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1996.tb00074.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1996.tb00081.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Background: Disease progression after Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) instillation therapy for bladder cancer is not rare. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of patients treated with BCG for superficial bladder cancer, focusing on the patients who developed invasive disease during follow‐up. The possible mechanism and risk factors for early progression after BCG therapy are discussed.Methods: A total of 25 patients with superficial bladder cancer (pTa, pT1, and/or pTis) were treated with intravesical BCG instillation (80 mg in 80 mL saline) once a week for eight weeks. Four of the 25 patients received maintenance therapy with BCG (once a month for 3 to 10 months). Patients were followed every three months and underwent cystoscopy, biopsy, and urinary cytology at these intervals. Disease progression was defined as invasion to muscle or prostate, or development of metastatic disease. Clinicopathological features of the patients, especially those with progression, were analyzed.Results: Progression was observed in six of the 25 patients (including four of 19 patients with carcinoma in situ and two of five patients treated prophylactically with BCG). The average time to progression was 8.7 months. Four patients died of cancer despite intensive treatment. Two patients are alive: one without evidence of disease after cystectomy and the other with metastatic disease.Conclusions: Proper patient selection, careful follow‐up, and immediate aggressive therapy in case of progression were considered to be important factors to obtain satisfactory results with BCG therapy for bladder

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1996.tb00623.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We evaluated nitric oxide induction in antitumor therapy consisting of anti–CD3 monoclonal antibody (anti–CD3) and interleukin–2 (IL–2), then determined the effect of nitric oxide reduction with L–NG–monomethyl arginine (LNMA) on the therapeutic methods. Female C57BL/6 mice, MCA102 (a non immunogenic, NK–resistant murine fibrosarcoma cell line), and 145–2C11 (hamster anti–murine–CD3 mAb) were utilized in an experimental hepatic metastasis model developed by injecting a tumor cell suspension into the spleen of mice. A marked increase in serum NO2–+ NO1was observed at 19 hours after anti–CD3 (10 μ, IV) and additional IL–2 administrations (40times101U, twice, If) induced a further increase. The NO2, + NO3‐elevation in spot urine in the combination therapy was not suppressed with LNMA at a dose of 100 μg/h but was significantly lowered at 300 μg/h. The efficacy of the anti–CD3 + IL–2 therapy was not diminished by LNMA administration

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1996.tb00075.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1996.tb00076.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Background: The mechanism of renal stone genesis as well as the location of stone crystal formation in the kidney remains unclear. Possible sites of stone generation are either in the tubular lumen or tubular cell.Methods: We cultured Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK), LLC‐PK1 and Magen Krebs Niigata‐28 (MKN‐28) cells in DMEM + 10% FBS medium in a well without passage for 30 days.Results: MDCK cells produced microliths at the basolateral side but not on the lumen side of these cells. The other two cell lines did not form microliths.Conclusion: Our data show that microlith formation is a characteristic of MDCK cells and that biological mineralization of MDCK cells may serve as a human urolithiasis model in vitro. The findings support a significant role of the renal distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts in the in vitro generation of urinary s

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1996.tb00624.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have investigated the antitumor effects of human lymphoblastoid interferon (HLBI) mini–pellets, interleukin–2 (IL–2) entrapped in liposome (IL–2 liposome) and an immune complex of IL–2 and monoclonal antibody against IL–2 (IC–1). The HLBI mini–pellets were administered to nude mice bearing a human renal cancer cell line (KU–2). HLBI levels remained detectable both in the tumor tissue and the serum up to 10 days after peritumor injection. The HLBI mini–pellet significantly suppressed tumor growth by peritumor administration. The antitumor effect of IL–2 liposome on Renca, a murine renal cancer, resulted in the inhibition of tumor growth. An accumulation of Lyt–2–and L3T4 lymphocytes was seen in the tumor tissue which was treated with IL–2 liposomes. The IC–1 was prepared by mixing IL–2 and anti–IL–2 monoclonal antibody at a molar ratio of 2: 1. Plasma IL–2 levels were sustained longer in mice given the IC–1 than in mice given IL–2 alone. The IC–1 complex exerted a more significant antitumor effect by local administration in Renca–bearing mice than the administration of IL–2 alone. We speculated that these effects were a result of sustained tumor IL–2 levels due to the increase in molecular weight. The results we obtained indicate that the cytokine drug delivery system has a long–acting cytotoxicity by administration to the tumor sites through efficient stimulation of the local immune response, and thus provides

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1996.tb00077.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Background: In regard to identify the compositions of urinary stones, the infrared spectra is a contemporary routine method. However, it is difficult to detect the absorption of carbonate in struvite stone by infrared spectra, because NH4absorption of magnesium ammonium phosphate overlaps CO3absorption of carbonate at 1420–1435 cm−1. With the purpose of demonstrating the existence of carbonate in struvite stones, the analysis of these stones by means of Raman spectra has been tried.Methods: Forty urinary stones, the chemical compositions of which were previously determined by infrared spectroscopy, were submitted to Raman spectrum analysis, and subsequently to analysis by x‐ray diffraction.Results: Thirty of 40 urinary stones were found to be composed of struvite and of mixed struvite‐calcium oxalate by infrared analysis. Twelve of these stones were shown to have Raman spectra of magnesium ammonium phosphate, and the other stones to have spectra of apatite. By x‐ray diffraction magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals were detected in 25 of these struvite stones and hydroxyl‐apatite in another 3, and 2 cases were undeterminable. For other components, such as calcium oxalate, uric acid and cystine, the analytical results of infrared spectra coincided with those of Raman spectra and x‐ray diffraction. Carbonate was detected in only a part of one struvite stone by Raman spectra.Conclusions: Above‐mentioned results may indicate that carbonate is only a minor component of urinary stones. Therefore, most of 1420–1435 cm−1bands on the infrared spectra of struvite stones do not indicate CO3absorption of carbonate, but NH4absorption of magnesium

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1996.tb00625.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1996.tb00078.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Background: Urinary oxalate may contribute far more than urinary calcium to the pathogenesis of urinary calculi. Urinary oxalate may be reduced by restricting the intake of foods high in oxalate. The oxalate content of foods might be reduced by oxalate‐degrading bacteria. The purpose of this experiment was to reduce the oxalate content of foods with an oxalate‐degrading bacterium which was isolated from the feces of a Japanese male.Methods: An artificial intestinal juice was prepared by modifying Rogosa medium. An infusion of black tea was prepared from a commercial tea bag. The oxalate‐degrading bacteria used wereEubacterium lentumWYH‐1 which we have isolated. To 5 mL of the above oxalate‐containing artificial intestinal juice and infusion of black tea, 0.5 mL of the bacterial culture was added and incubated anaerobically at 37°C. Oxalic acid in the supernatant of the culture medium was assayed by high‐performance liquid chromatography.Results: In 24 hours, 1 × 106cells/mL ofEubacterium lentumWYH‐1 decomposed 100% of 1 mg/mL oxalate in the artificial intestinal juice. The oxalate in the black tea infusion (1 mg/mL) was also decomposed completely within 48 hours by 1 × 107cells/mL of the bacteria.Conclusion:Eubacterium lentumWYH‐1 was able to efficiently decompose th

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1996.tb00626.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY