ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1994.tb00001.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this investigation was to assess whether the phentolamine test is able to predict blood pressure fluctuations during operations on patients with pheochromocytoma. We administered 5 mg phentolamine intravenously to 11 patients with pheochromocytoma and 6 patients with essential hypertension, pretreated with alpha‐adrenoceptor antagonists. Plasma concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine were determined before and after phentolamine administration, and blood pressure was measured repeatedly. Subsequently, all patients with pheochromocytoma underwent adrenal operations. Evidence is presented to show that: (1) in patients with pheochromocytoma whose blood pressure remains stable during their operation, phentolamine produces no clear effects on mean blood pressure (MBP), plasma epinephrine and plasma norepinephrine except in one patient with Sipple's syndrome, (2) in patients with pheochromocytoma exhibiting unstable blood pressure changes during surgery, phentolamine lowers MBP and raises plasma norepinephrine and (3) in patients with essential hypertension, MBP and plasma catecholamines remain unchanged following phentolamine administration. Based on these findings, this pharmacological test appears to be useful for predicting hemodynamic stability in patients with pheochromocytoma pretreated with alpha‐adrenoceptor antagoni

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1994.tb00002.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper describes the results of an experimental study of the microwave coagulation of VX‐2 renal tumors implanted in rabbits. The rabbits undergoing microwave treatment exhibited a satisfactory survival rate and a complete response to treatment, as verified by histological examination. All the rabbits receiving no treatment died within 6 weeks of implantation of the VX‐2 carcinoma. These results indicate that microwave coagulation may be a curative method of treatment for a relatively small renal tumor. Intraoperative real‐time ultrasonic scanning permits the percutaneous microwave coagulation of renal cancer in a clinical situ

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1994.tb00003.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sixty‐five renal allograft recipients on immunosuppressive therapy were examined for BK and JC viruria using Southern blot hybridization. The incidence and degree of BK and JC viruria were compared between this population (group RTR) and, an age‐ and sex‐matched population of non‐immunosuppressed individuals (group CTR). In the results, the incidence of BK viruria was significantly increased in the RTR group compared with the CTR group, while that of JC viruria was similar in the 2 groups. The proportion with a high level of JC viruria, however, was greater in the RTR group compared with the CTR group. Additionally, it was also demonstrated that the incidence of both BK and JC viruria was not affected by the characteristics of renal transplant recipients, such as differences in the donor source (living‐related vs cadaveric), type of immunosuppressive agents used, or the time post‐tran

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1994.tb00004.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Biochemical assay and immunohistochemical staining of neutral endopeptidase were performed on bladder cancer cells. In superficial bladder cancer the enzyme activity and immunohistochemical intensity of staining were high, while invasive bladder cancer showed only a low level of activity. This finding suggests that neutral endopeptidase is expressed at a certain stage of cell differentiation, during the neoplastic process in the bladder. Gene expression is assumed to be closely correlated with this mechanism. From the results of this study neutral endopeptidase will serve as a new tumor marker for bladder cancer as well as acute lymphatic leukemia.

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1994.tb00005.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Urothelial cancer can be considered to consist of a spectrum of diseases with diverse natural histories and the conventional morphological classifications provided by classical histology remain the basis for any decision‐making process. The proliferative rate of the tumor cells may be significant since the rate of DNA synthesis is directly related to the rate of tumor growth or tumor involvement. We have previously reported that flow cytometric deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)/bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) bivariate analysis can provide important information about the malignant potential of bladder cancer. In the present study, we have formulated a new system based on the histological grade and tumor proliferative activity determined by the BrdU labeling index. An attempt has been made, moreover, to investigate whether this grading system can be used to determine the malignant potential of bladder cancers. A total of 86 patients with bladder tumors, histologically proven to be transitional cell carcinomas, were analyzed. Immediately after removal of tumor specimens,in vitroBrdU labeling was performed. Multivariate survival analysis was conducted using Cox's regression model, followed by estimation of the risk ratio for survival. Based on the risk ratio of the histological grade and the BrdU labeling index, a score ranging from 1 to 52 was assigned to each tumor. Forty‐four patients with a score of 1 had a 100% survival rate at 3 years, compared with 42.9% for patients having a score greater than 1. Conversely, 26 patients with the highest score, 52 exhibited a survival rate of only 17.3% at 3 years. These results suggest that the new grading system can be used as an indicator for making decisions about treatment in cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the blad

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1994.tb00006.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thep53gene product has been detected frequently in various human malignancies. We have studied the expression of p53 protein in urothelial transitional cell cancers (TCCs) and examined its correlation with pathologic grade, stage(pT) and patient survival. Specimens from 69 surgically‐resected TCCs (38 cases of urinary bladder cancer, 17 cases of ureteral cancer and 14 cases of renal pelvic cancer) were examined by immunohistochemical staining, using two anti‐p53 monoclonal antibodies, PAb1801 and PAb240, and a polyclonal antibody, CM‐1. Twenty‐six TCCs (37.6%) were positively stained by at least one of the three antibodies. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between p53 expression and high pathologic grade (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.001) or progressive pathologic stage (p less than 0.01). In addition, in 51 of the patients who were available for follow‐up (23 cases of urinary bladder cancer, 13 cases of ureteral cancer, and 15 cases of renal pelvic cancer), the correlation between p53 protein expression and prognosis was examined. The survival of patients exhibiting positive p53 protein expression was significantly worse than those with p53‐negative tumors (p less than 0.05). These results suggest that an immunohistochemical test for p53 protein may be a useful method of evaluating the malignant potential of TCCs. Additionally, expression of p53 protein in TCCs is an indicator of a poor prognosis which should be considered in drawing up treatment

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1994.tb00007.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) on the natural killer (NK) activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and the susceptibility of K562 cells to lysis by PBL in patients with urinary bladder tumors (UBT) was evaluated using a 4‐h51Cr release assay. The addition of BCG 0.1‐1mg/ml to the assay increased NK activity. In contrast, BCG at higher concentrations (10mg/ml) reduced NK activity. This effect of BCG was also observed in healthy donors. Pretreatment of PBL with BCG 0.1‐1mg/ml also resulted in increased NK activity, while higher concentrations of BCG depressed it. Treatment of K562 cells with BCG–10mg/ml for 3 hours reduced their susceptibility to lysis by PBL. Kinetic studies showed that the reduced susceptibility became apparent 3 hours after initiation of culture of K562 cells with BCG and lasted 12 hours. The susceptibility of BCG‐treated K562 cells to lysis by purified NK cells and lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells was also reduced. Both live and dead BCG exerted an inhibitory effect on the target cells. The effector‐to‐target binding assay demonstrated that treatment with BCG reduced the number of PBL conjugates with K562 cells. These results indicate that BCG increases the NK activity of PBL, while rendering K562 cells resistant to PBL lysis by inhibiting the effector‐to‐target binding. BCG at lower concentrations (0.1‐1 mg/ml) may be useful in patients with UBT. The possible mechanisms responsible for the effects of BCG on K562 cells and their possible clinical impli

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1994.tb00008.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Kock's augmented and valved rectum was created in 10 patients following total cystectomy. During an observation period of up to 46 months, 4 patients died (1 from a recurrence of cancer, 1 from multiple organ failure subsequent to diabetes mellitus, 1 from coronary insufficiency, and 1 from cerebral hemorrhage). Post‐operative complications included valve failure in 1, hydronephrosis in 2, and mild nocturnal urinary incontinence in another. Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis was particularly notable in the cases without an intussuceptive valve of the rectum. Their base excess ranged from ‐6.9 to ‐15.0 mM/l but the condition was satisfactorily controlled by oral administration of alkaline agents. Although the present method has a number of shortcomings, the absence of a stoma and elimination of the need for self‐catheterization are outstanding benefits. For these reasons, we believe that it is an effective option for urinary di

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1994.tb00009.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1994.tb00010.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY