摘要:

Mental development of 4–5‐year old children on macrobiotic diets (almost devoid of animal foods and fat) with long‐term growth deficits, was studied using the Snijders‐Oomen Non‐verbal Intelligence (SON) scale. In addition, food consumption and behavioural style of the children, and family and parent characteristics were assessed. Parents were highly educated: 69% of the fathers and 47% of the mothers had completed college or university education. The children's energy intake was only 70% and calcium intake 40% of that reported for children of similar age on conventional diets. Fifteen out of 44 children (33%) did not complete the SON‐test, mainly due to difficulties in concentration. The non‐completers tended to score lower on parts of the SON‐test and the educational level of their fathers was slightly lower: no other differences were observed. Intelligence quotients (IQ) of the children who completed the test were high (IQ=126) compared to the reference population (IQ= 100 by definition). No significant relationship between IQ's and educational level of parents was observed, possibly due to lack of varation in educational level within the study population. Family size was inversely related with IQ. It was concluded that long‐standing mild to moderate malnutrition may not affect mental development in pre‐school children if the children grow up in a stimulating

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1992.tb00128.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The results of prospective study on the growth and diets, estimated from 7‐day weighed food intake records, of 20 life vegan children (aged 5.8–12.8 years) are presented. The growth and development of the children were normal but they tended to be lighter in weight and exceptionally lean compared with standards. Heights were around the median of the Tanner‐Whitehouse standards but were lower than the medians recently proposed by the Department of Health. Energy intakes were similar to those reported in children of the same age in the general population, but dietary fibre intakes were very high which may have influenced the digestible energy. Sugar provided an average 15.6% of the dietary energy and this was supplied mainly by fruit and fruit juice. Mean fat intakes were close to the dietary reference values. Daily intakes of essential nutrients generally met the amounts recommended, with the exceptions of calcium and vitamin B12. Many children received supplementary sources of vitamin B12and only two children had intakes below the lower recommended nutrient intake. Intakes of saturated fatty acids were low and those of linoleic acid were high. The ratio of linoleic/α‐linolenic acid was high. As docosahexaenoic acid is absent from vegan diets, it is suggested that vegans should use oils with a lower ratio of linoleic/α‐linolenic acid. Future studies should also consider the influence of a vegan diet on retinal function. None of the children was immunized against whooping cough and 11 had not been immunized against polio: 16 of the children had suffered from whooping cough. Future studies need to take into account factors other than diet when assessing the health of vegans. The results of this study show that children can be successfully reared on a vegan diet providing sufficient care is taken to avoid the known pitfalls of a bulky diet and vitamin B1

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1992.tb00129.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A programme of nutrition education and modification of catering practices was developed with the intention of influencing the eating habits of staff and students who attended a centre for higher education.A questionnaire was used to assess the frequency of consumption of foods before and after the education programme. Seven‐day weighed inventories were conducted to obtain information about portion sizes eaten by the study group. Caterers' purchasing figures were collected and assessed to determine any changes in catering practices. The results indicated that eating habits and catering practices did change within the duration of the project. Intake of wholemeal bread more than doubled while consumption of whole milk was at least halved. The nutrient intake of the student population appeared to be adequate when compared to Dietary Reference Values, apart from the energy, folate and iron intakes of female students which were rather low, Following the education programme, female students reported that the amount of energy obtained from fat had reduced by three percentage points, from 38% to 35%, while male students reported a reduction of five percentage points, from 42% to 37

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1992.tb00130.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two sample groups of elderly were compared from a population living in South London. One group attended a local day centre (a socially orientated establishment), and the other attended a local day hospital (a therapeutically orientated establishment).The aim of the study was to compare nutritional intake, functional status and muscle strength between these two groups.The mean nutritional intakes of the day hospital and day centre attenders were similar. Intake of macronutrients, with the exception of fibre, met Recommended Daily Allowances (RDAs) in both groups. In take of folic acid, vitamin D and zinc fell below recommendations in both groups.Low intake of folic acid was improved by supplementation, and some individual blood levels of folate reflected this. Blood folate levels were generally within normal limits. Low intake of vitamin D was improved by supplementation, but blood levels were generally normal anyway. There was, however, a tendency for the more dependent day hospital patients to have lower vitamin D levels. This group also had less sunshine exposure.Communal dining, whether in the setting of day hospital or day centre, may have been an essential means of bolstering nutritional intake for many ‘at risk’ elderly.There were significant differences in functional status and muscle strength in favour of the day centre group and these indicate that anthropometric indices rather than nutritional or biochemical indices were the most reliable markers of disease and disability in this study.The effect of fortifying local meals‐on‐wheels was also highlighted, and suggests that this may be one means of preventing nutritional deficiencies in the vulnerable, house‐bound elderly.Alcohol intake was reported as being modest. However, discrepancies were noted on review of biochemical indices known to be influenced by alcoh

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1992.tb00131.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A 49‐year‐old alcoholic developed hepatic encephalopathy following dietary supplementation with branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA). He became lucid within 24 hours of withdrawing BCAA. Subsequent re‐challenge with BCAA again precipitated hepatic encephalopathy. In future, BCAA should be prescribed wi

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1992.tb00132.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1992.tb00133.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1992.tb00135.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1992.tb00136.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY