摘要:

The dynamo theory of the daily variation of the earth's magnetic field implies that all large‐scale atmospheric motions in the electrically conducting region should in some measure affect the field and appear in the magnetic records. If this view is correct, many of the conspicuous and even violent changes from day to day in the magnetic records of a single observatory may be a direct reflection of correspondingly marked changes in the atmospheric circulation, as well as the conductivity, in the upper atmosphere over the locality of the observatory. Thus a set of magnetic records might give, in large measure, a direct indication of upper‐atmosphere wind‐patterns. Comparison is here made of certain prominent features of geomagnetic data with the character of the large‐scale atmospheric circulation as shown by observations in the lower atmosphere. There is considerable evidence suggesting that these are interrelated and that a detailed study of this relationship should lead, on the one hand, to an explanation of certain conspicuous features of the geomagnetic variations in terms of the atmospheric circulation, and, on the other hand, to a deduction of certain large‐scale features of the atmospheric circulation from current magnetic obs

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JZ055i001p00001

年代:1950

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

For any identification of auroral radiations, a convenient method for a first approach is to represent each rotational line of a band by a rectangle of width Δ and of heightI. Δ is the width in Angstrom units of the monochromatic image of the slit on the plate andIis the theoretical intensity of the rotational line.Numerical calculations have been carried through making use of the auroral synthetic spectra which are represented by the sum of the superposed rectangles.This method explains at once the following features of the auroral bands: (a) The different aspects of theN2+bands and the structure ofRandPbranches distorted by the temperature effect; (b) the results obtained for the first positive system ofN2, where comparison of the wave‐lengths of the system as deduced from the synthetic spectra with the list of Vegard shows excellent agreement; (c) evidence for the occurrence of the O2+bands and also a possibility for identification of certain auroral emissions not yet interpreted; the absence of the first negative system, which was rather unexpected, was only apparent; and (d) a possibility for the presence of a NO system of bands.Further considerations, in particular on the excited metastable states of long life, are also repor

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JZ055i001p00021

年代:1950

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Intense bursts of microwave radiation from the zenith as well as small fluctuations below and above the general sky radiation have been associated with certain geomagnetic disturbances.

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JZ055i001p00033

年代:1950

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The spectrum of lightning has been observed in the infrared up to λ8800, and is found to be due exclusively to OI and NI

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JZ055i001p00039

年代:1950

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Measurements are given of night sky brightness at College, Alaska, during the darkest intervals of the 1948–49 winter. The instrumentation is described. Two curves are presented showing zenith sky brightness as a function of the end of evening twiligh

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JZ055i001p00043

年代:1950

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this note is to determine the plane containing the earth's magnetic quadripole. The solution is immediate from the definition of the geomagnetic center given by William Thomson. It is shown that this plane coincides with the geomagnetic equator. The result is of some interest in connection with certain problems arising in the theory of the geomagnetic effects of primary cosmic rays.

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JZ055i001p00047

年代:1950

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Reflections of ten‐centimetre radio waves by rain have been used to obtain distributions of free rain‐water by employing a modified height‐finding

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JZ055i001p00051

年代:1950

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In some of the pioneering papers on the magneto‐ionic theory, certain misleading or incorrect statements regarding the polarization of ionospheric radio waves have appeared, apparently leading to a misunderstanding on the part of later workers. The notion that the ordinary and extraordinary ellipses should have mutually perpendicular major axes is not, in general, correct, being applicable only in the case in which the collisional friction of the electrons is neglected. It is the purpose of this paper to clarify this poin

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JZ055i001p00053

年代:1950

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This note takes the form of a brief progress‐report on secular‐variation work in South Africa. The results of observations carried out at the repeat stations in South Africa are summarized in tabular f

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JZ055i001p00057

年代:1950

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The apparent terrestrial magnetic field in the ionosphere, as calculated from measured critical‐frequency differences of the extra‐ordinary and ordinary modes, shows large diurnal and seasonal variations. The longitudinal mode, which is often seen at high magnetic latitudes, gives a consistently different field than the transverse mode. These results are explained as due to deflections of the energy path from the vertical in conjunction with variations in horizontal ionization gradients. The direction of the complex Poynting vector is calculated for the different modes. The westward component of the deflection of the longitudinal ordinary mode is shown to be as large as the north‐south defle

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JZ055i001p00065

年代:1950

数据来源: WILEY