ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe response of chimeric calves to grafts of cotwin skin was examined both by direct observation of the fate of the graft and by collection of lymph from the lymph node which drained the grafted area. Whilst grafts of body skin exchanged between 16 pairs of twins survived for longer periods than did grafts transferred between unrelated calves, all of the former had been rejected after 10 weeks. Secondary grafts of cotwin body skin were rejected significantly faster. In contrast, grafts of auricular skin exchanged between cotwins survived indefinitely in some instances despite the rejection of simultaneously transferred body skin. The magnitude of the blast cell response observed in efferent lymph in the case of grafts exchanged between cotwins was generally intermediate between that observed in responses to allografts and control autografts. However, an early peak of blast cell response which occurred some 50 hr after placement of allogeneic grafts was not observed in response to cotwin grafts.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe response of normal single-born calves to the s.c. injection of allogeneic lymphocytes and that of chimeric calves to allogeneic and cotwin cells were studied. Whereas allogeneic cells produced local dermal swelling along with an efflux of blast cells and specific cytolytic antibody in the regional lymph, the injection of cotwin lymphocytes into chimeric calves failed to produce responses in excess of those of controls. There was little indication of specific reduction in responsiveness of the lymphocytes of normal calves following challenge with allogeneic cells.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYLeukocytes from chimeric calves invariably failed to mount a proliferative response in excess of control responses when cultured with cotwin cells as stimulators. The levels of cellular proliferation in control cultures of leukocytes from chimeric donors were so low as to exclude the occurrence of any autostimulation, and it was clear that the absence of excess proliferation in mixed cultures could not be attributed to elevated background levels. Attempts to restore reactivity in mixed leukocyte culture by removal of cell subpopulations from chimeric calf leukocytes and by modification of cell surfaces were unsuccessful. It was inferred that the unreactivity between chimeric cotwins manifest in the normal lymphocyte transfer and mixed leukocyte reactions was unlikely to be produced by humoral or cellular blocking mechanisms.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYHuman lymphocytes were irradiated in vitro with 0 to 50,000 rad. It was shown that the capacity of lymphocytes (1) to form E rosettes was inhibited after irradiation with 500 rad, (2) to form spontaneous E rosettes was inhibited after irradiation with 100 rad, (3) to form HEAC rosettes was resistant to radiation, and (4) that already formed E rosettes, spontaneous E rosettes, and HEAC rosettes were resistant to radiation.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe quantitative relationship between donor and host allotype synthesis was studied in B cell chimeric chickens. Juvenile, cyclophosphamide-treated B14A strain, or (B14A x CHA)F1hybrid recipients were given injections of spleen, bone marrow, or bursal cells from B14C donors and serum IgM-1 and IgG-1 allotypes were monitored for several weeks after cell transfer. Donor and host-derived serum allotype concentrations were inversely related, i.e., high donor allotype levels were linked directly to suppression of host allotypes. Donor-derived Ig synthesis in chimeras ceased between 10 and 20 weeks after cell transfer and host allotype levels recovered concurrently. Lymphoid cells from chickens which had rejected donor cells and recovered their host allotype, failed to manifest any suppressive effect on B cells from allotype-matched donors in adoptive transfer experiments. These results agree with our previous conclusion that the mechanism which determines the reciprocal relationship between host and donor allotype synthesis is attributable to a nonimmune surveillance mechanism operating between the respective B cell populations.(B14A x CHA)F1hybrid recipients were more resistant than MHC-compatible B14A hosts toward the engraftment of B14C B cells. Although chimerism was established in chickens pretreated with cyclophosphamide, it did not occur in sublethally irradiated recipients even when administered in conjunction with antithymus globulin. However, 300 rad abrogated the barriers against T cells, resulting in lethal graft-versus-host (GVH) reactions which failed to occur in untreated recipients. B14C bone marrow cells produced more severe host Ig suppression in F1hybrid than in B14A recipients. In contrast to the temporary nature of B cell chimerism in histocompatible B14C → B14A pairs, donor-derived allotype levels in Flhybrid chimeras showed a gradual increase up to 20 weeks after transplantation. We conclude that a mild form of GVH reaction which suppressed the recruitment of host B stem cells prevented the graft rejection and amplified the production of donor-derived immunoglobulins.Hybrid resistance exhibited by Flhybrid mice against parental haemopoietic cells or tumours is considered to be distinct from classical alloimmune reactions (1). Previous studies have been concerned with genetic control (2), the effector system represented probably by “natural killer” cells (3) and with agents that are capable of abrogating the host barrier (4–6). We have reported recently that juvenile chickens express resistance toward transplanted MHC-compatible B cells and that engraftment in cyclophosphamide (CY)-conditioned recipients resulted in suppression of host-derived Ig synthesis (7). These findings were attributed to a B cell surveillance mechanism similar to that which has been postulated previously to explain the host resistance toward haemopoietic and tumour cells. This paper presents a quantitative and kinetic analysis of donor and host-derived Ig synthesis in B locus (MHC)-compatible and parental → Flhybrid cell chimeras.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe early recognition and prompt treatment of rejection may minimise damage to renal allografts. Preliminary studies showed whole blood effector cell function in a constant antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay system to be suppressed in recipients with stable renal function. To investigate the possible role of ADCC in the rejection process, serial estimates were performed in 29 consecutive recipients of cadaveric kidneys.The generation of ADCC, as measured in vitro, preceded the biochemical confirmation of an impending rejection episode by 3 to 5 days for 31 of 33 episodes experienced by 23 recipients. Statistical analysis (x2) demonstrated a highly significant correlation between ADCC generation as measured in vitro and subsequent episodes of graft rejection. In contrast, six recipients who did not experience rejection episodes during the first 3 months postgrafting showed no evidence of ADCC activity. Thus, ADCC may be used to identify rejection earlier than has previously been possible.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYSurvival times of allogeneic fetal pancreases were determined across various immunogenetic barriers using several inbred rat strains. Pancreases from 17-day-old embryos transplanted beneath the kidney capsule of normal, nonimmunosuppressed recipients were richly vascularized within a short period regardless of histoincompatibilities. The transplants grew progressively, increasedβcell number, and synthesized insulin at a rate similar to that in isografts until rejection intervened. Survival end points were scored by (1) complete disappearance of intrinsic vascularization and necrotic change of tissue by gross observation of grafts, (2) a sharp decrease in insulin content in a graft as compared to that in a control isograft, and (3) destruction and disappearance ofβcells in histological examination. Although fetal pancreases were rejected within 10 days in all strain combinations, there were clear differences in host immune-reactions in terms of immunogenetic barriers between donor and recipient.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe effect of the spleen cells and thymus cells fromCorynebacterium liquefaciens-treated (C57BL/6 x BALB/c)F1hybrid mice on graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, initiated in the parental to newborn Flhybrid strain combination, was studied by using Simonsen's spleen assay.The combined inocula of 5 x 106normal BALB/c spleen cells and 50 x 106spleen cells from Flmice that had been given i.v. injections of 1 mg ofC.liquefaciensyielded a significantly smaller spleen index than did 5 x 106BALB/c spleen cells alone. This suppressive function ofC.liquefaciens-treated F1spleen cells was more potent in phagocyte-depleted and T cell-enriched cell fractions. Thymus cells fromC.liquefacienstreated Flmice also suppressed GVH reaction.The results suggest thatC.liquefacienscan induce the suppressor T Cells.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYNearly one-half of marrow transplant recipients who survive at least 6 months develop varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection. Of 92 cases studied, 82 occurred within the first 12 months after transplant. Only one patient had recurrent infection. Seventy-seven patients had herpes zoster, 22 with subsequent cutaneous dissemination, and 15 had varicella. The overall mortality rate was 8%, and all deaths occurred within 9 months of transplant. Twenty-six of 32 patients studied had significant rises in VZV antibody during recovery. Among patients with acute leukemia, those with syngeneic transplants had a significantly lower incidence of VZV infection than those with allogeneic transplants. Incidence was slightly, but not significantly, decreased among patients with aplastic anemia. In contrast to other infections, the incidence of VZV infection was not influenced by graftversus-host disease or predicted by the results of dinitrochlorobenzene skin testing.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID