摘要:

SUMMARYThis study is concerned with the homograft reaction in the teleost fish,Fundulus heteroclitus. A simple quantitative estimate of graft survival was made by taking daily counts of the number of melanocytes on six scale homografts. At 28 ± 1 C the end-point of graft survival occurred maximally at 3 days as evidenced by the presence of disrupted melanocytes. Prolongation of homograft survival was attempted using antibiotics and X-irradiation. The antibiotics, albamycin and neomycin sulfate, hardly affected the survival of homografts, while stylomycin and actidione prolonged the survival until the 8th and 9th days respectively. At 500r grafts survived 1 day past those of controls. At 1000–1500r homograft survival was prolonged until the 9th and 7th days respectively. When host fish were irradiated at 2000r and 3000r there was an increase in the number of deaths, due to the lethal effects of these dose levels. One fish irradiated at 2000r lived with grafts intact until the 27th day. The majority of cases irradiated at 3000r lived until the 11th day with one exception, a fish that lived with the grafts intact until the 15th day.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYData are presented which: (1) indicate that in 3 out of 11 long-lived LAF1(host)-C3H (donor marrow) radiation chimeras, both host and donor immunologically reactive cells co-exist in an apparent state of mutual tolerance; and (2) demonstrate the presence of immunologically competent cells of host origin in two A (host)-LAF1(donor marrow) radiation chimeras. The theoretical implications of these and other data are discussed.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYYoung adult (C57L x A) F1mice bearing full-thickness skin grafts from A/HeJ mice received a single dose of 500 rad X-radiation, followed by i.p. injection of 6 x 106lymph node cells from normal A/HeJ donors; controls were injected with inactivated A/HeJ lymph node cells (i.e., 2000 rads in vitro). Circular punch skin wounds through the donor skin graft and adjacent host skin were made 8 days later. The mice receiving the intact parental strain lymph node cells showed symptoms of transplantation disease, while the controls were free of such signs. Skin wound healing was assessed histologically in mice killed 3 and 6 days after wounding, permitting a comparison of healing in the donor skin versus host skin on the same mouse. The findings indicate a mild but definite specific inhibition of wound healing in LAF1skin as compared with A skin in the mice suffering from transplantation disease. In each of seven mice examined 6 days after injection of A-strain lymphoid cells, healing in the grafted A strain skin was definitely greater than in the host's own (LAF1) skin. Thus, the LAF1skin at this time showed only minimal to early healing, while the wounds in the grafted A-skin were completely closed in 4 of 7 cases, of which 2 were healed. The possible theoretical basis for the specific inhibition of wound healing in graft-versus-host disease is briefly discussed.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYEarly mortality is known to occur in sublethally X-radiated mice following their infusion with homologous spleen cells. In experiments to investigate parameters influencing the phenomenon, BDF1mice given a standard dose of 675 r were infused with spleen cells from A mice. Appearance of early mortality increased with the size of the splenic inoculum. In other experiments recipient animals of different ages were used and it appeared that aged mice were more resistant to the effects of the homologous spleen. Variations in the age of the splenic cell donors failed to modify the end result. It is concluded that the phenomenon of early death depends upon the size of the splenic cell inoculum and the recipient's age but that it is independent of the age of the spleen donor.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYFurther experiments to determine the potentialities and fate of small blood lymphocytes causing acute transplantation disease are described. Sensitive transplantation tests for chimerism were made by C57BL ± A/J skin homografts to adult recipients that had previously received an i.p. injection of most of the lymphoid tissue from individual, potential A/J runts. Accelerated graft rejection indicated that as few as 100,000 C57BL nucleated cells or their descendants had persisted in A/J young until the time of death. C57BL small lymphocytes were thus detectible in A/J newborns killed within 48 hr after injection, but not later. By contrast, C57BL spleen cells were readily detectible after 1, 2, and 4 days under the same conditions. When purified adult A/J small lymphocytes were injected into A/J newborns within 24 to 48 hr after injection of adult C57BL small lymphocytes, a high degree of protection from runt disease was obtainable. It is clear that circulating small lymphocytes may adoptively protect against as well as induce transplantation disease. The evidence overall indicates that immunologically competent small lymphocytes promptly attack antigenically disparate newborn hosts. These injected cells rapidly spend themselves or are eliminated by allergic injury, leaving few or no descendants with the donor antigenic constitution.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYHomografts of mouse skin in which cellular viability had been destroyed by repeated freezing and thawing or by treatment with cyanide but in which major structural changes had not occurred were accepted by the host without evidence of immune reaction, either by histologic criteria or by challenge with second-set viable grafts. Treated homografts evolved like similarly treated isografts. With adequate protection these dermal homografts persisted for long periods without necrosis, undergoing eventual resorption and replacement by scar tissue, rather than being revascularized and repopulated by host connective tissue cells. The acellular dermal homografts supported growth of isologous epithelium derived from grafts or from marginal ingrowth. These findings question the concept of cellular repopulation of non-viable autologous or homologous connective tissue grafts.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYA method for the production of rabbit-anti-rat-lymphocyte serum has been described. Heterologous anti-lymphocyte serum destroys lymphocytes in vitro and causes a lymphopenia in vivo. Daily administration of the antiserum to rats on a chronic basis results in a sustained lymphopenia. Some aspects of the in vitro and in vivo specificity of anti-lymphocyte serum have been investigated.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYBALB/c hosts were immunized i.v. with lyophilized preparations of the C3H ascites tumour, B.P.8, and later challenged with viable suspensions of the same tumour. The rate of graft destruction in such animals varied according to the interval between pretreatment and challenge. Grafts transplanted 8 days after pretreatment were destroyed at an accelerated rate. Those transplanted 16–19 days after pretreatment showed enhanced survival. Transplants made between these times showed intermediate survival times. The rate at which this phasic change in host reactivity occurred depended on antigen dose. Other BALB/c hosts similarly immunized with lyophilized tissue developed peak haemagglutinin titres just prior to the phase at which graft enhancement could be demonstrated. It is pointed out that immunological enhancement cannot be fully explained by a failure of the host to develop an immune response. It is suggested that cellular reactivity akin to delayed hypersensitivity is suppressed by excess antibody and that this is the normal homeostatic mechanism controlling the duration of delayed hypersensitivity.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYAdministration of splenic microsomal RNA extracts to pyridoxine-deficient rats had been previously shown to increase viability of subsequent skin homografts. The following observations on the specificity of action of splenic extracts have been made: (1) treatment of splenic microsomal RNA extracts with ribonuclease or alkali destroyed their ability to prolong viability of skin grafts; (2) splenic microsomal RNA extracts administered in combination with splenic extracts prepared from the mitochondrial or soluble fractions had no beneficial effect; (3) an RNA extract obtained from a rat of genetic strain other than that of the skin donor was ineffective; and (4) microsomal RNA derived from the spleen of the skin donor failed to increase viability of the skin graft when administered to a normal recipient.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYA long-term study of the fate of parabiotic hamsters differing at weak histocompatibility loci is presented. Animals were evaluated on the bases of gross appearance, survival time, weekly weight changes, and autopsy studies. One outbred and several partially inbred strains were employed. The course of chronic and subacute parabiotic rejection is detailed. Diverse manifestations of reticulo-endothelial response were noted. These included developing liver “microabscesses,” lymphoid atrophy and hyperplasia, proliferation of plasma cells, and marked splenic hematopoiesis. Two varieties of amyloidotic change occurred in intermediate and long-surviving partners. The various findings are discussed in relation to transplantation immunology, experimental amyloidosis, and an immunologic theory of aging. The following tentative conclusions are set forth: (1) the hamster has few strong but probably many weak histocompatibility antigens; (2) chronic and subacute parabiotic reactions between partners differing only at weak loci are manifestations of transplantation disease; (3) hamsters may remain in parabiosis for prolonged periods and with continuous exchange of cells without becoming tolerant of each other—in fact, a continuous, waxing and waning, often subclinical, immunologic battle takes place between the partners; (4) amyloidosis may be produced experimentally in the hamster by transplantation immune mechanisms; (5) the production of such disease in young animals by such a mechanism is consistent with theoretical expectations of the immunologic theory of aging; and (6) reactions involving weak histocompatibility antigens may reveal not only quantitative but actual qualitative differences from studies concerned chiefly with strong histocompatibility antigens.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID