摘要:

The amount of type III pneumococcal polysaccharide required to cause immunological paralysis in sublethally irradiated mice or in mice treated with 6-mercaptopurine was less than that required to produce paralysis in untreated animals. In irradiated mice the paralysis persisted for the duration of the experiment, but after cessation of the 6-mercaptopurine treatment unresponsive animals, without further antigenic stimulation, made antibodies. Small doses of polysaccharide were antigenic when given 24 hours after irradiation.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A graft-versus-host reaction was produced in (A X CBA) F1adult recipients following i.v. injection of 100 million CBA spleen cells. Subsequently a stronger response was evoked by presensitizing the donor animals, with or without sublethal irradiation of the hosts. The fate of the donor cells was studied by the T6 chromosome marker technique. Initial donor cell division in the spleen was observed in all the groups. It declined rapidly, except in irradiated recipients in which it continued till only donor mitoses were seen in the spleen and bone marrow from the 12th day to the end of the investigation on the 60th day, and subsequently on the 180th day. Signs of graft-versus-host disease when they occurred (usually in the 2nd and 3rd week) were associated with severe lymphoid depletion. In most cases rapid lymphoid division quickly replenished host lymphoid tissues and returned the animals to apparently normal health. In the present strain combination it did not appear to matter whether the repopulating lymphoid cells were host or donor in origin, providing the animal was not left depleted. Evidence was obtained that the transplanted donor cells became tolerant of host antigens.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this work has been to obtain quantitative data for analysis of the chimeric state of mouse parabionts during the acute stage of parabiotic disease. A strain of mice carrying T6 marker chromosomes was used, permitting identification of donor and host cells in both parabiotic partners by cytological analysis. Two parabiotic combinations were studied: C57BL parabiosed to CBA-T6T6, and A parabiosed to CBA-T6T6. In the first combination, the C57BL partner fell ill; in the second, the A parabiont. Cytological analyses of the spleens and lymph nodes performed at the same time in both partners revealed striking asymmetrical chimerism between the sick animal and its healthy partner. Appreciable amounts of donor cells were identified in the spleens of animals dying of parabiotic disease, in contrast to the almost complete absence of foreign cells in their partners. A hypothetical mechanism of parabiotic disease is suggested to be mutual interaction between donor and host cell populations causing massive destruction of lymphoid tissue with consequent lymphoid atrophy and eventual death.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

During the course of routine investigation of three isohistogenic strains of rats it was noted that sensitisation was more readily effected by allogeneic skin grafts than by the administration of dissociated allogeneic spleen cells. These differences were not entirely explicable in terms of either cell dosage, strain combination, the number of injections, the time between injection and challenge, or the route of inoculation. Possibly the large numbers of nonviable cells present in the spleen cell suspensions might have influenced the host response, and accordingly the effects of sensitisation with various nonviable inocula were investigated. Pretreatment of A strain recipients with large doses of killed allogeneic spleen cells prolonged skin graft survival times up to 21 times the normal mean time. The phenomenon was strain specific and was transferable by serum, although with some difficulty. Animals which had shown prolonged survival of their initial grafts usually showed prolonged survival of second grafts and sometimes also of third and fourth grafts. The skin graft rejection pattern in actively and passively conditioned recipients was characteristically different from that seen in untreated recipients, in that vigorous homograft reactions often subsided, allowing regrowth of donor strain hair. In contrast to the effects of pretreatment with killed inocula, administration of comparable untreated inocula usually gave rise to accelerated rejection of challenging skin grafts.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The fate of successive and simultaneous male to female skin isografts has been studied in an isohistogenic strain of rats. Single 1 cm2grafts had a mean survival time of 61.8 days. Two and four simultaneous grafts to individual hosts survived for a similar length of time. The survival times of second grafts applied 7 or 14 days after first grafts did not differ significantly from that of first grafts. Graft survival times were significantly shortened in rats which received second grafts 21 or 86 days after first grafts or after complete destruction of first grafts. The time of onset of the reaction against the grafts, as judged by macroscopic appearance, varied greatly. Differences in the time of onset of the reaction were observed between grafts residing on different hosts but also between grafts residing on the same host. Variance analysis showed that differences between hosts were the major source of variation. It is suggested that these differences between hosts are related to the hosts' specific immunological responsiveness. By contrast, the considerable variation in the time required for completion of graft destruction may be independent of this factor.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A method for determining immunological competence of mouse cells is described. This method is based on rejection of the erythropoietic component of homografted bone marrow by isologous cells. The extent of erythropoiesis was measured by spleen uptake of Fe59. On the basis of ability to reject homografted marrow, the following order of effectiveness was observed: leukocytes > lymph node cells > spleen cells > peritoneal fluid cells. Thymocytes and marrow cells showed no capacity for rejection. The immunological competence of cultured peripheral leukocytes declined rapidly so that at the end of 48 hr in vitro only 2.5% of the initial activity remained.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The morphologic features of pulmonary allograft rejection are described. The graft recipients were either unmodified or treated with Imuran (Azathiaprine), an immunosuppressive agent. The morphological features of graft rejection in the two groups differ, but vascular alterations are a significant feature of both patterns. In unmodified recipients, the earliest changes are the appearance of perivenous mononuclear infiltrates at about 5 days; these progress to involve the vein wall leading to the local disruption of the endothelial and muscular layers. Periarterial mononuclcar infiltrates also appear at about this time, but these initially spare the vessel wall. However, at about 10 days there is progressive mononuclear infiltration of the artery wall as well, primarily subintimal, with concomitant reduction and even obliteration of the arterial lumen. This generalized vasculitis, without vascular necrosis, appears to result in generalized hemorrhagic necrosis of the allograft on an ischemic basis. In the attenuated allograft rejection following immunosuppressive therapy, “chronic” arterial and, to a lesser extent, venous lesions are observed. These show varying degrees of subendothelial inflammation, hyperplasia, and fibrosis. Similar vascular lesions are not found in autografts. The features which distinguish these unique vascular lesions from other forms of allergic vasculitis and the vascular changes found in other types of allografts are described.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Liver cells or thymic grafts from homozygous embryonic mice were subjected to passage through appropriate nonoperated or thymectomized adult F1hybrids. Passage through a nonthymectomized host was required for maturation of potential immunologically competent cells derived from embryonic liver; this was not true with regard to cells derived from a fetal thymic graft. Cells from embryonic liver were found first in the host thymus while those from thymic grafts appeared to migrate exclusively to peripheral lymphoid tissues.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Human tissue isoantigens were detected on chimpanzee leukocytes and on a continuous heteroploid cell line of chimpanzee origin. The antisera used to detect these isoantigens were taken from multiparous women, multiparous chimpanzees, and chimpanzees immunized with human leukocytes and platelets. These sera were known to contain antibodies to human leukocyte isoantigens. The methods used to demonstrate the isoantigens were leukocyte agglutination and inhibition of leukocyte agglutination, as well as mixed agglutination and inhibition of this reaction.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID