ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Specific unresponsiveness to LEW whole fetal pancreases was induced in F344 rats across non-RT1incompatibilities. Our treatment regimen was a modification of that developed by Brent and Opara and used an i.v. injection of donor liver extracts (equivalent to 250 to 500 mg wet tissues) between days – 18 and – 24 followed by a single i.p. injection each of procarbazine hydrochloride (one-third of the LD50dose) and 0.5 ml of antilymphocyte serum (ALS) within a few days of transplantation.Complete and life-term (>1 year) reversal of streptozotocin (SZ)-induced diabetes was observed in 13 of 16 treated recipients, while the reversal of diabetes was only transient in 2 recipients as a result of graft rejection which occurred between days 30 and 50. The remaining one recipient did not respond to the treatment. Allograft viability was confirmed by the visual observation and histological examination of tissues, by the recurrence of diabetes after the graft removal, and by the reversal of diabetes in the secondary recipients in which long-term surviving allografts were retransplanted.Specificity of the induced unresponsiveness was demonstrated by the prolonged survival times of donor-type skin but the normal rejection of third-party skin which was grafted onto the diabetes-reversed F344 recipients carrying viable LEW pancreases. Prolonged but limited survival times of donor-type skin grafts suggested that the induced unresponsiveness is specific to donor alloantigens as well as organ-specific antigens. This immuno-suppressed state was transferable into ALS-treated syngeneic F344 rats by nylon-wool-nonadherent spleen cells. Thus, LEW skin grafts survived for 30 days in ALS-treated F344 rats receiving test spleen cells, while those in controls survived for 19 days. LEW pancreases surviving for more than 300 days were fully capable of eliciting rejection reaction when the grafts were retransplanted into a nonimmunosuppressed secondary F344 recipient along with the primary host kidney.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In a prospective randomized single-blind trial, we compared the effectiveness of rabbit antithymocyte globulin (RATG) in the treatment of acute renal graft rejection with the results of treatment by high oral doses of prednisone. Twenty recipients of cadaveric kidneys were included in each group. In the RATG group, the prednisone dose was not increased and a dose-by-rosette protocol was used to keep T cell levels between 50 and 150/mm3. In this group 15 of the 20 patients responded to the treatment. One of these patients lost her kidney afterward because of a technical failure. In five patients rejection was irreversible despite a subsequent course of high-dose prednisone orally. In the prednisone group, 13 patients showed a good response, but 3 of them only after a subsequent course of RATG. The remaining seven patients underwent nephrectomy before a course of RATG could be given. One patient in this group died of septicemia. In either group there were six second rejection episodes, but they developed 2.2 months later in the RATG group. All second rejection episodes were treated with the alternative regimen and all patients responded to this treatment. Renal function after 6 months was similar in both groups. Less infections occurred in the RATG group. Prior to rejection, there were no differences in concentrations of peripheral T cells between both groups. Treatment of acute rejections with RATG is an effective and safe procedure which is steroid sparing.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Bone marrow transplants with low marrow cell doses (≤4 × 108cells/kg) from unrelated donors were carried out in 16 dogs conditioned with 9 Gy (900 rad) of total body irradiation. No immunosuppression was given after grafting. Eleven donor-recipient pairs were phenotypically identical (group 1) for the known antigens of the canine major histocompatibility complex (DLA) and in five the donor was homozygous and the recipient heterozygous for DLA (group 2), as determined by serological histocompatibility typing and mixed leukocyte cultures including homozygous cell typing. In addition, lymphocytes from donors and recipients in group 1 were mutually nonreactive in cell-mediated lympholysis; lymphocytes from recipients in group 2 were not cytotoxic against donor cells.Eight dogs rejected their grafts and eight showed sustained engraftment; of these, four died from graft-versus-host disease. The incidence of rejection was higher than in DLA-identical littermates but lower than in DLA-nonidentical unrelated or littermate dogs. These results indicate that antigens different from the recognized alleles at DLA are involved in the control of engraftment. These antigens most likely represent the expression of unrecognized differences within DLA or are coded for by a locus different from but linked to DLA-A, B, C or D; they are not recognized in the cell-mediated lympholysis assay.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The low graft survival rate in black recipients (36 ± 2% at 1 year) as compared with the graft survival rate in white recipients (48 ± 1%) might be secondary to a higher incidence of vascular lesions, inducing hypertensive disease, in blacks than in whites. The relative frequency of malignant hypertension in black recipients was six times that of white recipients, and recipients with malignant hypertension had a significant lower graft survival rate (43 ± 2%) than recipients with glomerulonephritis (54 ± 1%). In addition, patients with vascular lesions (diabetes, malignant hypertension, and glomerulonephritis) showed significantly lower graft survival rates in black than in white recipients, in contrast to patients with primary tubular or interstitial lesions (polycystic kidneys and pyelonephritis), who showed similar graft survival rates in blacks and whites.Only a small fraction of this racial effect could be traced back to the higher incidence of Lewis-negative phenotypes in black recipients and a similar beneficial effect of transfusions, on graft survival, was observed in both black and white recipients.The effects on graft survival of age (6%), race (9%), and transfusions (18%) were significant in good (A) and poor (B) centers. No overlap between A and B centers was observed for any of these three parameters when analyzed separately. However, when the cumulative effects of these three risk parameters were analyzed together a partial overlap appeared, i.e., higher graft survival rates were observed in low-risk recipients that received transplants in B centers than in high-risk recipients that received transplants in A centers. Consequently, the selection of the recipient may play a role in the overall results of different transplantation units, leading to their classification into A or B centers, but cannot explain all of the differences between A and B centers.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effect of prophylactic i.v. administration of high doses of human γ-immunoglobulin (IgG) on kidney graft survival was investigated in rhesus monkeys treated with azathioprine and prednisolone. In nontransfused recipients not treated with IgG (controls), graft survival ranged from 9 to 22 days; if nontreated animals had been given three pretransplant blood transfusions, graft survival ranged from 9 to 61 days with 42% of the animals showing a prolonged survival time (>22 days). However, in both transfused and nontransfused recipients, the additional pretransplant administration of IgG appeared to have an adverse effect: about 25% of the animals showed accelerated rejection. In addition, serum creatinine levels in IgG-treated recipients were significantly higher on the 3rd day after transplantation than in non-treated monkeys. We concluded that renal transplant patients should be treated with IgG for protection against life-threatening infections only if they have good kidney function.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The kinetics of unresponsiveness induced by a short course of cyclosporin A was studied using accessory heart allografts in rats. Skin grafts from the heart donor or a third-party donor were performed at several different times after heart transplantation. The fate of the skin and heart grafts demonstrated that the properties of the unresponsive state induced by short-term cyclosporin A therapy changed with time so that three different stages could be recognized: (1) stable nonspecific immunosuppression, (2) weak moderately specific immunosuppression, and (3) strong stable donor-specific immunosuppression.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The fate of cell surface I-Akand H-2Kkantigens shed by murine spleen cells in culture was studied by incubation of nonlabeled spleen cells or splenic T or B cells with culture fluids containing shed radiolabeled alloantigens. Approximately 30 to 40% of the shed alloantigens could be absorbed by syngeneic or allogeneic murine T cells, B cells, or macrophages, but not by heterologous erythrocytes or human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Absorption was dependent on temperature and lipids associated with the shed glycoproteins. Once absorbed, the alloantigens were catabolized by the absorbing cells with a half-life of approximately 4 hr. It is suggested that absorption of shed cell surface alloantigens may be a vehicle for intercellular communication in the immune system.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The generation of active suppressor cells has been induced in vitro by preculturing of splenocytes from normal mice in the presence of mouse amniotic fluid (MAF) and α-fetoprotein (AFP). By using freshly explanted splenocytes, addition of such precultured lymphocytes abrogated the generation of specific cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) in primary mixed lymphocyte cultures. Effective suppression can be induced only when the precultured cells are added within the first 48 hr of culture. These suppressor cells are nylon-wool nonadherent and their effect could be almost abolished by treatment with anti-Thy-1,2 serum plus complement. The precursors of the suppressor cells are sensitive to hydrocortisone and resistent to low doses of radiation.The induction of suppressor cells by AFP may be one of the mechanisms resulting in deviant immune response during pregnancy and in the newborn.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Four hundred and ten heterotopic spleen transplants were performed in inbred guinea pigs of strains 2 and 13 whose major histocompatibility complex differs only in the I region and which rapidly reject reciprocal skin allografts. Spleen allografts from strain 13 to strain 2 survived throughout the lifetime of the hosts, whereas spleen allografts from strain 2 to strain 13 were rejected within 3 weeks. Animals not rejecting their spleen transplants were specifically tolerant of donor strain skin allografts. Strain 2 recipients of strain 13 spleen grafts had a surprisingly high mortality from graft-versue host disease which peaked at 6 weeks after transplantation.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID