ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1963

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;1. Adult (C57BL × CBA)F1mice which had been injected 22‐50 days previously with C57BL spleen cells did not develop graft‐versus‐host (GVH) reaction following a subsequent injection of either C57BL or CBA spleen cells, in experiments where GVH reaction was assessed by means of the carbon clearance test of RE function. A first injection of CBA cells did not impair the onset of GVH reaction following a second injection of CBA cells, but induced partial or total impairment of the effect of C57BL cells. 2. The refractory state induced in (C57BL × CBA)F1mice by C57BL cells towards GVH reaction evoked by a second injection of C57BL spleen cells could not be transferred passively by serum or adoptively by spleen cells. 3. Evidence of persistent C57BL donor anti‐host activity was obtained by discriminant spleen assays. Activity was not detectable in similar assays of CBA cells, although the persistence of GVH reaction was strongly suggested in many cases by splenomegaly and raised phagocytic index. 4. Cytological analysis shows that previous injection of C57BL or CBA/H‐T6spleen cells into (C57BL × CBA/H‐T6)F1mice can inhibit proliferation of a second injection of donor cells when these belong to theotherparental genotype. 5. It is considered that C57BL spleen cells cannot provoke a detectable GVH reaction in (C57BL × CBA)F1mice when the spleen and lymphoid tissue have been extensively repopulated by C57BL cells. The persistence of first donor‐type cells which are still active against the host probably determines the observed inhibitory effect on the subsequently injected spleen cells of the other parental genotype.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1963

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;I.P. injection of an &agr;2‐glycoprotein fraction obtainable from rat, rabbit, human or bovine serum has been shown to possess the ability to prolong the survival of 20% of skin homografts in rats up to 8 months. In rabbits the homologous glycoprotein fraction was much more effective than those prepared from human or bovine sera and, using this system, it has been shown that the glycoprotein fraction prolongs the life of homografts only in some donor/recipient combinations. It appears that graft survival is due to interference with the early stages of the development of homograft immunity.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1963

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;1. A crude semi‐soluble extract of A‐strain lymphoid tissues will sensitize C3H mice to A‐strain skin grafts when given i.p., but not when given i.v. Intravenous injection of semi‐soluble antigen sometimes prolongs the life of homografts. 2. Both its physical form and its route of entry determine whether or not a given antigenic preparation from A‐strain mice will sensitize C3H mice. Sensitization is least effective when the i.v. route is used, but antigen in a particulate form will sensitize even when given i.v. and antigen in a soluble form will not sensitize even when given i.p. 3. In the combination C3H → CBA, chosen to typify a weak histocompatibility system, both soluble and particulate antigenic extracts prolong the life of homografts in adult mice when administered in adequate doses through i.v., i.p., or subdermal routes. 4. Antigens administered in such a form or in such a way that they do not excite transplantation immunity may yet excite transplantation tolerance. 5. So administered, antigen acts in synergism with X‐irradiation, a‐methopterin, or hyperimmune isoantibody (but not with trypan blue) to prolong the life of homografts more effectively than do any of these agents acting alone. 6. The states of anergy or hypoactivity produced by the concerted action of antigen and immunological depressants must be classified as forms of tolerance or paralysis, not as forms of ‘enhancement’.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1963

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Various hemopoietic cell transfers from mouse radiation chimeras and from normal donors to irradiated recipients have been performed, and the reactivity of the spleen cells of the recipients against tissue antigens of both host type and of an unrelated type has been followed by means of the graft‐versus‐host assay in newborn mice. The state of specific tolerance to host‐type tissues which is known to occur in certain radiation chimeras was lost on transfer of the tolerant bone marrow to a second host of a different antigenic constitution, and in several combinations specific tolerance towards the new host subsequently developed. This procedure could be repeated with the same line of cells. When tolerant bone marrow or spleen from radiation chimeras was retransferred to irradiated recipients of the original bone marrow donor strain, the tolerance also disappeared rapidly. Only when a large number of lymph node cells was transferred with the bone marrow was a temporary persistence of the specific tolerance observed in the spleen cells of the new host. Attempts to transfer immunity to tissue antigens with bone marrow, spleen and smaller numbers of lymph node cells have thus far failed. It is concluded that “memory” for the tolerant state is a property of the population of lymphoid cells being transferred and that the expression of this memory is dependent on the relative sizes of the populations. The results emphasize that the antigenic composition of the milieu in which the hemopoietic graft proliferates is one of the most important factors to determine the eventual immunological reactivity of the cell population derived from the donor. Furthermore the possibility is considered that tolerant cells may be at a disadvantage compared to potentially reactive cells as regards the repopulation of a depleted host. The implications of these results for the clinical application of foreign bone marrow transplantation have been discussed briefly.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1963

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1963

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;A histocompatibility test has been studied; it consists of evaluating the degree of histocompatibility between two subjects A and B, according to the intensity of preimmunization against B of a third subject C, induced by a graft from subject A. The application of this test to different stocks of rabbits has demonstrated that it can determine with good probability the relationship of the graft antigenicity.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1963

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;A system is described which may be employed for screening agents which suppress the immune response. The test is based on the suppression of the homograft response to leukemia L1210 and resistant sublines in pretreated C57BL mice. The aklylating agents (Cytoxan, triethylene melamine, and Melphalan) and X‐irradiation exhibited marked activity in this system. 6‐Mercaptopurine was moderately effective and amethopterin was relatively inactive.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1963

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1963

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;1. Homograft tolerance was induced in adult DBA/2 mice by sublethal X‐irradiation and an injection of a suspension of adult BALB/c spleen cells. 2. The optimal conditions for this procedure were determined by varying the dose of X‐irradiation (200‐400 r), the time of splenic injection (1 to 72 hours after irradiation), the time of skin grafting (1‐17 days after irradiation), and the dose of spleen cells (0.01 to 1.0, expressed as a fraction of one spleen). The first 3 factors were found to be of maximal importance. 3. The mortality attributable to the entire procedure was 2%. 4. The procedure failed to induce tolerance across an H‐2 barrier. 5. The possible use of this system as a model for studying tolerance induction and maintenance was emphasized.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1963

数据来源: OVID