摘要:

The principal postures and facial expressions used by the rhesus monkey in social communication are described.

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1962.tb05684.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The pre‐adult developmental periods of both sexes and oviposition rate of females ofCryptolestes turcicus(Grouvelle) have been studied at different constant temperatures and relative humidities upon wheatfeed. It is concluded that populations can maintain themselves only within the temperature range 17°C–37°C. and at relative humidities well above 40 per cent. The most rapid rate of increase is probably achieved near 28°C. 90 per cent R.H. Differences in biology betweenC. turcicus, C. ferrugineusandC. capensisare discussed in relation to their natural occu

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1962.tb05685.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study of the effects in immatureCryptolestes turcicusof density and food quantity upon the rate of development, survival and the weight of newly‐formed adults has allowed the following conclusions:—(a) rate of development, survival and adult weight are highly correlated;(b) as food quantities per larva become smaller, so these values are reduced;(c) three intermediate density factors are recognised, one attributed to cannibalism, one to changes in the food medium brought about by the larvae themselves and a third which may be called disturbance. It is postulated that at least these three, acting independently or interdependently produce the response which is recognised as being due to density.Comparison withC. ferrugineusandC. ugandaeshows that the former species is more susceptible thanC. turcicusin response to high densities, whereas the latter is rathe

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1962.tb05686.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Many workers have reported that the adult population of the small prosobranchPeringia(=Hydrobia) ulvaereaches its maximum density on muddy‐sandy shores in a broad belt at approximately mid‐tide level. Yet it has also been reported that some float for at least part of the tidal cycle and at low tide burrow in the sand.Experiments in the laboratory and observations on the shore suggest that under natural conditions the animals float on the surface film of the water by means of a mucoua raft, which also acts as a food net. After a time, which is geared to the tidal oscillation, they submerge at mid‐tide level. When the tide has receded, the animals crawl about on the surface of the mud then burrow in the sand for several hours, resurface, and launch themselves on the surface film of the water between the ripple marks. By this time the tide is approaching mid‐tide level again and the cycle of behaviour is completed.Thus these animals, formerly regarded as mainly benthonic, spend part of their time as pelagic plankton

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1962.tb05687.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study has been made of the long cruro‐pedal flexor muscles in a number of species of Australian marsupials, which exhibit foot specializations closely paralleling those seen among the Eutheria. The phylogeny of this muscle group within the Metatheria is clearly apparent and elucidates the probable history of parallel eutherian specializations. It is suggested that M. flexor perforatus is, in its most primitive form, a crural muscle which has descended to the foot in a number of mammalian species, often becoming incorporated with the plantar aponeurosis as a fibrous or fleshy deep stratum. M. soleus has been derived by a splitting off of part of the substance of the lateral head of gastrocnemius. The large M. flexor fibularis was, apparently, the primary deep flexor of all the digits, and the smaller M. flexor tibialis waa probably at first partly attached to the plantar aponeurosis and medial cuneiform bone and partly to the M. flexor fibularis tendon. Loss of the latter attachment has produced the common marsupial arrangement, and loss of the former has produced the typical eutherian condition with fusion of the flexor tibialis and flexor fibularis tendons in the sole. A variable shredding of this common tendon has produced the different primate arrangement

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1962.tb05688.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The spirmular gill ofDeuterophlebiais the chief respiratory organ of the pupa and pharate adult. It is formed from the body wall adjacent to the spiracle. Its surface everywhere supports a plastron that opens into the atrial chamber of the spiracle at the base of the gill. Blood and epidermis are isolated in the spiracular gill after the larval‐pupal ecdysis but before the completion of the pupal‐adult moult. After the pupal‐adult moult, but before the pupal‐adult ecdysis, the epidermal cells of many parts of the gill dissociate, become rounded, and separate away from one another and the cuticle. In due course many of these cells form loose clumps in the lumen. The epidermal cells do not degenerate during the life of the pharate adult. The structure and function of the spiracular gills of the Deuterophlebiidae and other Diptera are c

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1962.tb05689.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A new British subspecies ofNesoporogaster souletina(Brölemann), a species hitherto known only from the Pyrenees, is described. It differs from the typical form of the species in being shorter with fewer pediferous segments and no ventral pores on the second sternite. Diagnoses of the typical form of the species and the other two species of the genusNeaoporogaater, also known only from S.W. Europe, are given for purposes of comparison, ad the genus is redefined. The new subspecies may possibly have bean introduced from the Continent

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1962.tb05690.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A schedule of the dissected weights, and a brief description of four elephants that were destroyed under control measures in the Eastern Province of Northern Rhodesia.

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1962.tb05691.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The food consumption of individuals of all four species of British shrews has been measured using captive animals and relying on readily‐purchased invertebrate foods. Particular interest attaches to the investigation because shrews have been held to have a higher metabolic rate than other small mammals, and should in that case have 8 relatively higher calorie intake. The shrews did show a high total wet food intake, but this was correlated with the high water content and consequent low calorific value of their food. The intake of calories per gram body weight for water shrew, common shrew and Scilly shrew only slightly exceeded that of mice of comparable size: this function was considerably more for the pygmy shrew, and considerably lese for the mole, as would be expected from consideration of their respective sizes. The results accord with the view that the energy requirement of small insectivores does not differ in any fundamental way from that of small rodent

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1962.tb05692.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A description of the courtship and mating of a pair of octopuses as observed in the sea. The significant point is the showing by the male of a vertical pattern of stripes, particularly marked on the side of the arms and body directed towards the female.

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1962.tb05693.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY