ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420070102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe literature pertaining to the effects of drugs on human in‐trauterine development has been reviewed. As far as quality and quantity of reported evidence permits, four categories of drugs were established, namely, those: (1) positively implicated as teratogenic, (2) suspected of having some teratogenic potential, (3) possibly teratogenic under some conditions, and (4) having little or no teratogenic potential under usual conditions of usage. Although a few compounds were judged to belong in each of the first three categories, it was concluded that drugs taken during pregnancy appear in total to make only a small contribution to the causation of human developmental defect

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420070103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe ability of meprobamate, a commonly used tranquilizer, to be concentrated in human ovarian follicular fluid and to block superovulation in the mouse prompted an examination of its potential as a meiotic mutagen. Examination of in vitro meiotic behavior of mouse ova in a medium containing 1–10,000 μg/ml of meprobamate revealed that at 500 μg/ml abnormal second metaphase configurations were induced and that at a concentration of 750 μg/ml the progression of meiosis was essentially stopped. Superovulation was blocked in young mice each treated with 5 mg meprobamate and examination of intrafollicular oocytes principally revealed normal second metaphase configurations with first polar bodies. A single iv or chronic treatment throughout the time required for total maturation of a mouse follicle did not affect subsequent meiotic maturation of ova. The data suggest that the in vitro effects of the tranquilizer on mouse ova are prevented in vivo by an unknown barrier or mechanism within the ovarian follicle, and that at relatively high doses no detectable chromosome change in ova would be expe

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420070104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA comparison was made by gas chromatography of lupin alkaloid distribution among members of the Lupinus genus that produced crooked calf disease experimentally and those that failed to do so. Further comparison of distribution was made of plants from areas where the disease is common and from areas where the disease is not known. There were alkaloid distribution similarities in all active plants that were not shared by the inactive ones. Four major alkaloid peaks were generally present in active samples, but peak 4 was the only one invariably present in active plants and invariably absent or of low concentration in inactive ones. The data do not positively incriminate an alkaloid as the active principal in the disease, but it is clear that if a major alkaloid is responsible it is the alkaloid of peak 4. That alkaloid is anagyrine. The data further indicate that one can recognize potentially teratogenic lupins by their alkaloid distribution patterns.

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420070105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe major alkaloids of lupin plants producing crooked calf disease were identified by tandem gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and infrared analysis. The gas chromatography peak invariably present in teratogenic plants proved to be anagyrine. A minor but irregular contaminant of the peak was α‐isolupanine. Other alkaloids present but apparently not associated with crooked calf disease were lupanine and two others that were probably epimethoxylupanine and 5,6‐dehydrolu

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420070106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of β‐2‐thienylalanine on palatal fusion was studied in vitro. Palatal shelves were dissected from 13‐ and 14‐day C57BL/6J mouse embryos and placed on agar‐solidified Eagle's medium containing equimolar concentrations of β‐2‐thienylalanine and phenylalanine. Closure of the palate proceeded normally in these explants—the marginal edges of the shelves fused to form an epithelial band, which then broke down and permitted mesenchymal continuity of the palatal processes. However, fusion was delayed, or completely inhibited, in all explants grown on medium supplemented with 2 mM β‐2‐thienyla‐lanine alone. The degree of inhibition depended on the stage of development of the embryo from which the palatal shelves were obtained—explants from early 13‐day embryos showed no adherence of the midpalatal epithelium, but 14‐day explants formed an epithelial band along the full length of the palate. Numerous mitotic figures, as well as areas of active cartilage and bone proliferation, demonstrated that the cultures were viable i

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420070107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExencephalic fetuses (16th–20th day), offspring of female Wistar rats treated with vitamin A palmitate orally during pregnancy, were studied in serial sections. The median part of the skullbase of the rat is formed by the basioccipital, basisphenoid, and presphenoid. In exencephalic fetuses the basioccipital had a normal shape; the hypophyseal fossa in the basisphenoid was too deep; the presphenoid was malformed. The angle between the cervical vertebral column and basioccipital was increased and those between the basioccipital and basisphenoid, and the basisphenoid and presphenoid were reduced. As a result the longitudinal axis of the skullbase was shortened. In all exencephalic fetuses the pontine and cervical flexures were less well marked than in controls. No anomalies of the rostral part of the notochord were observed. It is concluded that there is a relation between abnormal flexures of the neural tube and the malformation of the skullbase. The resemblance of the skullbase in human anencephaly and rat exencephaly is emphasize

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420070108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo‐day‐old strain 129/SvSl mouse embryos obtained by induced superovulation were exposed to various doses of X‐rays in vitro and in vivo and cultured from the 4‐cell to the blastocyst stage. The LD50for blastocyst development 48 h after in vitro irradiation was 300 R and following in vivo irradiation was 600 R. Blastulation occurred in over 80% of the cultured sham‐irradiated control embryos. Treated and control embryos that blastulated after 48 h of culture were transplanted to nulliparous adult 2‐day pseudo‐pregnant 129/SvSl females and examined 15 days later. Approximately 70% of implanting control blastocysts developed into fetuses. Significantly fewer fetuses developed after in vitro exposure to more than 73 R. No fetal development occurred following in vitro irradiation with more than 170 R. No indication of implantation was observed for embryos irradiated in vitro with more than 267 R. Fetal development occurred following in vivo irradiation with 388 R. It appears that it required twice as much in vivo irradiation as in vitro irradiation to produce equivalent lethality for the early mouse embryo. No significant gross abnormalities were observed in preterm fetuses following embryonic irradiation in vitro or in vivo, but there was significant weight‐gain impairment in fetuses developing from transplanted embryos irradiated in vitro wi

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420070109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPregnant Wistar rats were each injected once ip with various doses of 2‐amino‐l,3,4‐thiadiazole hydrochloride (ATDA) at days 1–16 of gestation (sperm day = day 0). The optimal teratogenic dose was determined to be 100 mg/kg and this dose was employed throughout the experiment. At autopsy at day 20 resorptions and malformations were found in all litters from treated females. Two periods of increased embryonic susceptibility to the lethal effects of ATDA were observed. The first at day 5 (100% resorbed) and the second at days 9 and 10 (71.5 and 92.5% resorbed). Periods of increased sensitivity to the teratogenic action of ATDA were at days 9 through 13, when the incidence of abnormal fetuses produced exceeded 90%. The major malformations were anophthalmia, microphthalmia, hydrocephalus, short tail, taillessness, ectrodactyly, syndactyly, and cleft palate. Other malformations occurred occasionally. The malformations were related to the developmental stage at the time of treatment. Supplemental treatment with nicotinamide at days 5, 11, 12, and 13 markedly diminished the teratogenic and lethal effects of ATDA, and at day 11 the administration of nicotinamide completely abolished its teratogenic activity. ATDA probably acts by interfering with NAD‐dependent enzyme

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420070110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a study of 700 congenital cardiac defects in dogs there were similarities, anatomic and epidemiologic, to defects occurring in man. Marked excesses of certain anomalies observed in specific breeds can serve as models for genetic and environmental studies.

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420070111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY