ISSN:1057-9230    

DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe recently acquired ability to identify 97% of CF carriers in an Israeli Ashkenazi population, prompts an evaluation of a nationwide screening programme. In 1993, the programme would first screen and counsel 9,261 parents, then 396 spouses of carrier parents and finally screen 16.5 fetuses where both parents are carriers. Assuming 92% of screened parents choose abortion of fetus screened positive, 2.33 cases of CF will be prevented in 1993 at a direct cost of $781,000. The $326,000 direct costs of preventing a CF case, exceed the lifetime excess direct costs per case of $297,000. However, benefits of screening also accrue to subsequent pregnancies, resulting in a direct benefit ($14.45 million) to cost ($10.39 million) ratio of 1.39/1 for the period 1993–2032. When benefits and costs resulting from mortality changes, work absences and transport costs are included, the benefit ($15.95 million) to cost ($13.88 million) ratio falls to 1.15/1. Benefit‐cost ratios are lower for other ethnic groups in Israel, due to lower carrier rates and lower mutation detection abilities. A CF screening programme will increase the freedom of individuals choice, but should be carried out carefully in order to minimize stigmatization and even discrimination against CF carri

ISSN:1057-9230    

DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe report on the result of a study aimed at assessing the variability of assumptions upon which economic models for the introduction of vaccination against Hepatitis B are based, the conclusions reached and define a minimum set of methodological standards upon which future economic studies on vaccines should be based. We identified 116 published and unpublished works by Medline literature searches, consulting private databases and corresponding with all authors and researchers active in economic evaluation of vaccines.All works were assessed but we included in our review only those which were original economic analyses (90 studies). Principal epidemiological and economic variables were extracted and compared where possible. Rough manipulations were carried out to make the data comparable. We found profound variability on the main parameters of the efficiency equation (disease incidence, costing methods, use of marginal theory, discounting and study timespan, sensitivity analysis and reporting methods). We also found inconsistencies in definition and study design in 38% of a subset of studies. Although we found scarce decision‐making impact, we believe that due to uncertain or unclear methodology, few studies reach valid conclusions. In future decisions may be based on biased evidence and scarce resources committed to untested programmes. There is an urgent need to standardise study methods and define a common set of procedure

ISSN:1057-9230    

DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe paper presents two methods for eliciting individuals' implicit weights to be attached to health benefits which extend over time. The first is a person‐trade‐off type which implies that social weights are attached to years with improved health when these are distributed between different groups of people. The second method is based on time‐trade‐off which yields private weights to succeeding years with improved health for oneself. Emphasis is placed on methodological issues, but some preliminary results obtained from small samples are also pr

ISSN:1057-9230    

DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIndicative prescribing amounts, and the equivalent prescribing element of funds in the case of fundholding practices, are now an established part of UK general practice. This paper examines the implications of variations in GP prescribing behaviour for the determination of prescribing budgets. Using regression analysis, the extent to which variations in total practice prescribing costs can be explained by factors suggested for inclusion in a weighted capitation formula is established. The results indicate that 97% of the variation in practice prescribing costs can be explained by differences in practice list size, the proportion of patients aged 65 years and over, the proportion of patients living in ‘deprived areas’ and whether or not the practice qualifies for ‘inducement payments’. The implications of the results for budget setting are discussed. A resource allocation formula based on regression analysis of expenditures can be used to promote horizontal equity in terms of equal budgets for equal need. However, its implications for vertical equity and efficiency are more am

ISSN:1057-9230    

DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1057-9230    

DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1057-9230    

DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1057-9230    

DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1057-9230    

DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1057-9230    

DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY