摘要:

The Scrophulariaceae is a large family of primarily herbaceous plants, containing some members which are root parasites, while others are non-parasitic. The parasites are all within the subfamily Rhinanthoideae, while most of the nonparasites have been included in the Antirrhinoideae. The Orobanchaceae is a small family, all of whose members are root parasites. The two families are generally considered closely related, so much so, that several genera (Buchnera, Harveya, Hyobanche, andLathraea) have been moved back and forth between the families. In this study, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine the pollen of 57 taxa: members of the Orobanchaceae and Rhinanthoideae, and several members of the Antirrhinoideae for out group comparisons. The resulting data showed no clear differences between the pollen of the Orobanchaceae and that of the rhinanthoid Scrophulariaceae. The grains were typically isopolar, radially symmetrical, more or less spheroidal, and tricolpate. The most common exine surface sculpturing was retipilate. The antirrhinoid pollen had two major differences: The apertures were tricolporate and the predominant exine surface was reticulate. The pollen of the Rhinanthoideae is closer in form to that of the Orobanchaceae, than it is to the pollen of the Antirrhinoideae.Digitalis, a non-parasitic member of the Rhinanthoideae, had pollen very similar to that of the members of the Antirrhinoideae.

ISSN:0017-3134    

DOI:10.1080/00173138909431007

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Observations made on the pollen grains ofDacrydium fonkii(Phil.) Benth.,Saxegothaea conspicuaLindley andStachycarpus andina(Poepp) Van Tieghem with the scanning and transmission electron microscopes are described. The granular intectate exine structure ofSaxegothaea conspicuahighlights the difficulty in determining relationships between this type and other podocarpaceous pollen grains.

ISSN:0017-3134    

DOI:10.1080/00173138909431008

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Airborne pollen concentrations, measured continuously with a volumetric method at two places in central Italy and in The Netherlands, are compared with respect to both their quantitative and seasonal aspects. Special attention was given to three taxa which occur in the two geographically distinct regions and are known to cause allergic sensitization:Alnus(alder), Poaceae (wild grasses), andArtemisia(mugwort). Averagely, total pollen concentrations are slightly higher in central Italy. The start and the main period in early spring of the seasonof Alnuspollen, which is more common in The Netherlands, is rather variable from year to year, in both regions correlated with the air temperature in the preceding months. Poaceae pollen, making up to 10 to 20% of the total annual pollen concentrations in both regions, has its start and main season in late spring about one month earlier in central Italy than in The Netherlands, strongly correlated with air temperatures in April and May. The main period and the start in late summer of the season ofArtemisiapollen, with fairly low concentrations in both regions, are about 10 days earlier in The Netherlands, which seems to be inversely correlated with the air temperature in June and July, suggesting a postponing influence on pollen release of higher temperatures, stimulating vegetative growth during the warm summer period.

ISSN:0017-3134    

DOI:10.1080/00173138909431009

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

To determine the best date for patients to begin treatment for pollinosis, an attempt was made to predict the start of the grass pollen season as accurately as possible. A new method to define the start of the grass pollen season is presented. It identifies the date when at a certain location the accumulated total (from 1 Jan.) of 24 h average grass pollen concentrations (No./m3) reaches 100. This method is called the Σ100-method. Using the phenological method over the years 1977 through 1985, with the birch (Σ125=x) as the indicator plant, the start of the grass pollen period (Σ100=z) could be predicted more than twice as accurately as would have been possible solely based on the mean starting dates in the preceeding years. The predicted starting date (z) can be calculated with the equationz=0.68x+65.33 (xandzas day-of-the-year numbers), SD=1.6 day,r=0.86,n=9.

ISSN:0017-3134    

DOI:10.1080/00173138909431010

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Patients from the West Indies with a history of hay fever in that region were free from symptoms during their first two or three seasons in London. Europeans with allergic sensitivity to pooid grasses are free from symptoms when first exposed to tropical grass pollen. We therefore investigated the possible antigenic relationships between species representative of pooid and tropical grasses by the skin-prick test. It is shown by multivariate analyses (Reciprocal Averaging and Principal Components Analysis) that a reaction to one species has a limited predictive value for reactivity to others. Use of aqueous extracts shows a common antigenicity throughout the grasses, and studies on the antigenicity of grass pollen by both in vivo and in vitro methods are briefly reviewed. It is concluded that aqueous extracts lack species specificity and attention is drawn to the report of Stanford (1983) that the purified proteins ofMycobacterium tuberculosiswhen used as skin test reagents, cross-react with other species of Mycobacteria, contain little species specific antigen and that molecules of mixed specificity play the largest part in skin test reactions. It is suggested that species specific antigens in grass pollen may be lipid or lipid associated and this appears worthy of investigation both in relation to pollinosis and incompatibility reactions in grasses.

ISSN:0017-3134    

DOI:10.1080/00173138909431011

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Four new isolates, identified asAlternaria tenuis, 34–016, 34–039, 35–056 and 35–193 were grown on revised tobacco medium. Mycelial and broth extracts were prepared and their biochemical and immunological properties were examined. Compared to the mycelial extracts, the four broth extracts had lower protein contents and showed fewer protein bands in isoelectric focusing, crossed-immunoelectrophoresis and sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. However, direct radioallergosorbent and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis tests with mouse IgE revealed that mycelial and broth extracts were of similar potency and had extensive cross-reactivity. In crossed-radioimmunoelectrophoresis using human atopic sera, the mycelial extracts showed 1–2 dominant and 3–4 minor allergens while the broth extracts had one dominant and one minor allergen. In RAST inhibition tests, two isolates, 34–039 and 35–056, had 100-fold more allergen content in the broth extracts compared to the mycelial extracts, whereas the levels were similar for broth and mycelial extracts of the other two isolates. The results indicated that culture broths of 34–039 and 35–056 were excellent starting materials for purification of some of the major allergenic components ofA. tenuisas they combined good yield with high allergenic activity, and lower level of other protein components. In addition, extracts containing wide spectrum of allergens and suitable for diagnostic purposes, can be prepared from mycelia and culture fluid of these isolates.

ISSN:0017-3134    

DOI:10.1080/00173138909431012

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0017-3134    

DOI:10.1080/00173138909431013

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Airborne algae and cyanobacteria were collected on the New England, USA coast by stationary plate and bottle sampling as well as by air filtration and were grown in culture. Genera of 5 green algae, 2 cyanobacteria and 4 diatoms were identified. Since all the genera cultured can be found in the local marine environment and they grew in various marine media the evidence points to at least some of these organisms likely being viable marine airborne organisms. This would be only the fourth report in the literature in which airborne algae and cyanobacteria probably of marine origin have been trapped and cultured. Further studies may point out the role of the airborne route in the distribution of these organisms.

ISSN:0017-3134    

DOI:10.1080/00173138909431014

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Traverse, Alfred.Palaeopalynology. XXIII+600 pp. 1988. Unwin Hyman, Boston etc. Paperback £24.95. Hard cover £50.00. Reviewed by Knut Fægri

ISSN:0017-3134    

DOI:10.1080/00173138909431015

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This is a scanned image of the original Editorial Board page(s) for this issue

ISSN:0017-3134    

DOI:10.1080/00173138909431006

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor