ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Core groups appear to play an important role in the heterosexual spread of HIV both in industrialized and in developing countries. Condoms are an effective prevention measure and the well organized condom campaign in Thailand has been shown to have a significant impact on the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV. Sexually transmitted diseases facilitate the sexual transmission of HIV and preliminary evidence suggests that improved sexually transmitted disease case management can be successful in lowering the HIV incidence in developing countries. There is some evidence that certain HIV-1 subtypes are associated with a higher risk of heterosexual transmission.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

New insights into HIV pathogenesis have come from detailed analyses of viral clearance and evolution in small numbers of infected people. Rapid viral replication has been linked with rapid T cell turnover in patients in the latter stages of HIV infection. Rapid replication leads to frequent viral mutations that allow escape from antiviral therapy and perhaps host immune responses as well. Ultimately, failure of the homeostatic mechanisms that maintain total T cell number precedes clinical immunodeficiency. Studies of aggressive antiviral treatment early in the course of infection are needed to determine if disease progression and the emergence of drug resistance can be prevented.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes comprise an important host immune defense against intracellular pathogens, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes directed against HIV-1 -derived peptides may play an important role in limiting HIV-1 propagation and HIV-1 disease progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that the relationship between effective host defenses and viral escape from immune surveillance may be more complicated than initially thought.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Combination therapy with nucleoside analogues has recently been demonstrated to be a major advance in the treatment of HIV infected persons. If, as expected, the progress is mostly attributable to a greater inhibition of HIV replication, other combinations might do even better. HIV protease inhibitors form a new and promising class of antiviral agents. Recent findings argue for including protease inhibitors in multiple drug regimens rather than using them individually.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Prophylaxis forPneumocystis cariniihas been standard care in HIV therapeutics for almost a decade. This year saw the results of clinical trials demonstrating effective prophylaxis for most of the main HIV-related opportunistic infections, systemic fungal,Mycobacterium aviumcomplex and cytomegalovirus. However, in spite of effectiveness, it is unclear that survival is prolonged, and multiple prophylaxis is complicated by increased toxicity, drug-drug interactions, microbial resistance and cost.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Urinary tract infections remain the most common type of bacterial infections in adults. The last decade has clarified their aetiology and shown that adherence of Gram-negative bacteria to epithelial cells in the urinary tract is a major virulence factor. Recent studies have confirmed the clinical importance of such adhesion. Several studies have demonstrated increasing resistance problems in bacterial species causing urinary tract infections. This has especially been the case for beta-lactam antibiotics and older drugs such as co-trimoxazole. The fluoroquinolones remain effective in most parts of the world and seem superior to beta-lactams for the treatment of all types of urinary tract infection. Their use should be restricted as much as possible, however, to prevent emergence of resistance.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pregnant women should undergo routine screening for sexually transmitted diseases as well as asymptomatic bacteriuria at their first antenatal visit. In high prevalence areas and in high risk situations these need to be repeated in later pregnancy or at the time of delivery, or both. The interaction of sexually transmitted diseases with HIV disease has special significance because effective control of sexually transmitted diseases will significantly reduce HIV infection.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

It is estimated that approximately 50% of men experience prostatitis symptoms at some point in their adult life, and it is also believed that, annually, prostatitis syndromes constitute about 25% of male office visits for genitourinary complaints. Despite the fact that numerous studies on prostatitis syndromes have been conducted, they remain a poorly understood and frustrating problem for both patients and clinicians. Part of the problem in treating prostatitis relates to confusion regarding the syndromes. Appropriate therapy depends on a clear understanding of each of the different types of syndrome as well as their corresponding etiologies, pathophysiologies, and proper diagnostic evaluations. Only when these precursors are met successfully can this common but difficult problem be most effectively addressed.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID