ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors suppress HIV replication by blocking reverse transcriptase, an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. These drugs can also affect cellular and mitochondrial DNA polymerases. Mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ is particularly sensitive to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and the majority of adverse effects caused by nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors are most likely caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. This article reviews the recent clinical implications of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-induced mitochondrial toxicity and discusses options for management.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A better understanding of the potent immune responses elicited by HIV before infected patients become immunocompromised should enable therapeutic immunomodulation to prevent disease progression. We review the nature of the immune response in HIV infected long-term nonprogressor patients; how and why the immune system fails; and whether it may be feasible to harness the immune system to control viraemia and extend the asymptomatic period in HIV infected persons. Finally we discuss the possibility of inducing sterilizing immunity to enable the host to rid itself of the virus.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The current standard of care for initial antiretroviral therapy is a combination of 2 nucleoside analogues with a third agent, a protease inhibitor (PI), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or a third nucleoside analogue. Recent data heralding the arrival of potent PI-sparing regimens for initial anti-retroviral therapy and concerns regarding PI-related metabolic disturbances have led to significant shifts in treatment practices. Protease inhibitor-sparing regimens with optimal antiviral activity may have several advantages over PI-based therapy for initial or prolonged therapy. These advantages include more convenient, non-food dependent dosing regimens, lower tablet volume, fewer drug interactions, central nervous system penetration and the maintenance of PIs as an option for second line therapy. However, no data currently exist directly comparing triple therapy regimens based on the three leading PI-sparing agents, efavirenz, nevirapine or abacavir. All these agents have been compared in randomized controlled studies in treatment naïve patients to triple therapy with the PI indinavir. In these studies, similar responses to indinavir were observed with nevirapine or abacavir regimens, whereas superiority was observed with efavirenz. Limited data in high viral load patients treated with nevirapine based regimens currently exist. However, the superiority of efavirenz over indinavir based regimens was also observed in comparative data in this patient subset. PI-sparing approaches appear generally well tolerated with few individuals discontinuing in clinical studies due to adverse drug events. The majority of adverse events with efavirenz and nevirapine occur within the first month, are predictable and are manageable without therapy interruption. Similarly, apart from a rare (3%) hypersensitivity reaction, which requires therapy cessation without rechallenge, adverse effects with abacavir are uncommon.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The sequence of theTreponema pallidumgenome was completed in July 1998, yielding a wealth of new information regarding the enigmatic spirochete that causes syphilis and related treponematoses. By providing the sequences and predicted functions of over 1000 genes, the genome sequence will greatly facilitate research on the genetic characteristics, physiology, antigenic structure, and pathogenesis of this organism. These advances are, in turn, expected to promote the refinement of conditions for in-vitro culture, an improvement of diagnostic tests, the development of effective vaccines, and an improved understanding of treponemal disease pathogenesis and manifestations.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Trichomonas vaginalisis emerging as a major pathogen of men and women and is associated with serious health consequences. Advances in diagnosis and treatment are presented. The complexity of trichomonad pathogenesis is illustrated in the interaction of this parasite with human cells, tissues and the immune system. It is now becoming evident that the interaction of trichomonads with the host is frequently modulated by environmental signals. The molecular biology of trichomonads is still in its infancy, but analysis of genes, genomic structure and transcriptional mechanisms suggest that trichomonads combine both prokaryotic and eukaryotic features. Evidence for the ancient divergence of trichomonads from other eukaryotic lineages is discussed.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Prevention of sexually transmitted infection in teenagers is a high priority. The introduction of non-invasive methods for diagnostic testing ofChlamydia trachomatisandNeisseria gonorrhoeaehas enabled screening for these sexually transmitted micro-organisms in a range of community-based settings among populations at high risk, such as teenagers, who do not readily access existing sexual health services.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Since the reports of an international case-control study during the period 1995-1997, further evidence has accumulated supporting the use of postexposure therapy with antiretrovirals. This includes evidence from vertical transmission studies with both zidovudine and nevirapine, and animal model data. Guidelines have been developed and revised for occupational postexposure prophylaxis provision, but there remains considerable debate over postexposure prophylaxis for nonoccupational (predominantly sexual) exposures.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID