ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Continued epidemiological research has led to an increasing understanding of the length and variability of the HIV incubation period. The median length of the incubation time ranges from 8 to 11 years for homosexual men, depending on their age. Genetic profiles and the occurrence of symptomatic primary infection are also associated with disease progression. The incubation period has increased since the beginning of the epidemic, probably as a result of the availability of antiretroviral therapy and prophylaxis, which delay the onset of AIDS manifestations.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The recent collision between two previously distant worlds, chemokines and AIDS, has prompted an extraordinary leap forward in our understanding of some fundamental aspects of the physiology of HIV infection, which had remained elusive for more than a decade. After the identification of the C-C chemokines regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted, macrophage inflammatory protein-1a and macrophage inflammatory protein-ip as major components of the HIV-suppressive activity produced by CD8+T lymphocytes, several chemokine receptors, in particular CXCR4 and CCR5, were shown to serve as co-receptors for HIV on the cellular surface membrane. The differential usage of such coreceptors, that is critically dependent on the sequence of the V3 domain of the major viral envelope glycoprotein, gp120, is emerging as the physiological basis for the diversity among the HIV isolates recovered at different stages of the disease. Moreover, a homozygous deletion within the coding sequence of the CCR5 gene has been linked to resistance to HIV infection in some individuals with multiple high-risk sexual exposure. The rapid progress in this field may ultimately lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches for AIDS.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The availability of interventions to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection has highlighted the need to identify infected pregnant women, and has intensified the debate about antenatal screening, counselling and consent. Although mandatory screening has been proposed, the voluntary approach is preferred, and is more likely to be acceptable.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In four treatment studies in men with urethritis, which documented the enhanced effect of sexually transmitted diseases on HIV-1 shedding, appropriate treatment of the urethritis resulted in a dramatic reduction in the HIV shedding. The effects of sexually transmitted diseases and their treatment have been found to be similar in women, but the data are much less conclusive. Prospective studies from all regions of the world continue to correlate sexually transmitted diseases with the transmission of HIV, and in a recent trial it was shown that, in symptomatic individuals with sexually transmitted diseases, improved case management successfully lowered incident HIV infection. A randomized community-based mass therapy trial is currently underway, which will demonstrate the impact of the intensive treatment of sexually transmitted diseases on incident HIV infection.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, also known as human herpesvirus 8, is a new gamma-herpesvirus present in all forms of Kaposi's sarcoma and in primary effusion lymphomas. Molecular epidemiological studies suggest that Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is confined to the risk groups developing Kaposi's sarcoma; however, some have reported a more widespread distribution. Firstgeneration serological assays suggest that this new virus is not ubiquitous and is predominantly sexually acquired. The viral genome encodes various proteins which could play a role in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma or lymphomas, including cyclin D and bcl-2 homologues, as well as the chemokines interleukin-6, macrophage inflammatory protein, an interferon regulatory factor, an interleukin-8 receptor and a neural cell adhesion molecule-like protein.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The simian immunodeficiency virus model provides an effective system in which to answer questions about the mechanisms of pathogenesis of primate lentiviruses. The strength of an animal model is that defined virus strains and molecular clones can be examined for the role they play in the pathogenesis of disease; that both viral and host factors can be examined throughout infection; and that drugs can be tested for their efficacy in preventing virus replication and the expression of disease. Use of an animal model is essential to answer questions that are either difficult or impossible to examine in humans infected with HIV. Studies of the pathogenesis of central nervous system disease in HIV-infected individuals are complicated by the variability in the time course and manifestations of disease, the great variety of infecting viruses, the inability to examine the affected organs throughout the course of disease and the variable effects of drug therapy on disease progression. In addition, animal models are crucial for vaccine development and testing.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID