ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Combination therapy for HIV-1 infection can reduce viremia to undetectable levels, suggesting that prolonged treatment might eradicate the infection. However, one potential mechanism for viral persistence involves the establishment of a state of latent infection. Recent studies have directly confirmed that HIV-1 establishes a state of latent infection in resting memory CD4+T cellsin vivo. This reservoir is likely to frustrate current efforts to eradicate the infection with combination therapy.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A unique and unexpected syndrome consisting of metabolic abnormalities (hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance) and body fat redistribution (central adiposity and peripheral fat wasting) has been reported with increasing frequency in HIV-1 infected patients, most of whom are receiving highly active antiretroviral therapies including HIV-1 protease inhibitors. This article reviews the clinical and laboratory characteristics, the pathogenesis, and the management of this syndrome.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Mother-to-infant transmission is the route by which the vast majority of children acquire HIV. Several refinements in our understanding in how to reduce the risk of transmission have been made in the past year. The risks from prolonged breast feeding, and the protective effects of caesarean section have been clarified. Shorter interventions using antiretroviral drugs are useful in resource-constrained settings. In developed countries, combination antiretroviral therapies to reduce maternal viral loads to below limits of detection are being explored, but there is concern about toxicity particularly of indinavir in pregnancy. Combining interventions can reduce transmission rates to less than 2%.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The clinical indications for HIV drug resistance testing are discussed. The major limitations of using resistance testing in the clinical setting are the lack of evidence for a clinical benefit, the costs and the amount of knowledge required for a good interpretation of the results. In those situations in which these limitations can be overcome or are considered less important, resistance testing may be used today. For widespread clinical use, however, trials creating large databases and the design of expert systems translating the results for the use in individual patients will be required.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Neisseria gonorrhoeaeisolates continue to develop an impressive arsenal of resistance mechanisms to antimicrobial agents, including resistance to some of the antibiotics presently recommended for the treatment of gonococcal infections.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Nucleic acid amplification tests are now the tests of choice for diagnosingChlamydia trachomatisinfection. For the first time there are diagnostic tests forChlamydia trachomatisthat are more sensitive than tissue culture. Another major advantage is that they can be used with first-catch urine specimens and vaginal swabs. It is thus possible to test for genital chlamydial infection without using invasive specimen collection methods.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The best way to control chlamydial diseases is with an effective vaccine. Although previous studies suggest that a vaccine is an achievable goal, progress has been limited even though many vaccination strategies have been tested. A clearer understanding of the immunobiological basis of chlamydial protection and pathology will be critical for future research in chlamydial vaccination.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The prevalence and complications of bacterial vaginosis are population dependent. In pregnancy, bacterial vaginosis is associated with late miscarriages and infection driven pre-term delivery. Regardless of the aetiology of pre-term delivery, surviving infants are at increased risk of subsequent neurodevelopmental handicap. Intervention studies in bacterial vaginosis positive pregnant women at high risk of pre-term delivery demonstrate the benefits of antibiotic treatment. Current evidence suggests that bacterial vaginosis may increase the efficiency of heterosexual HIV transmission. Metronidazole remains the mainstay of treatment of bacterial vaginosis. No treatment prevents relapse, which occurs in 20-30% of cases within 1 month. New approaches that are based on a better understanding of the pathophysiology of bacterial vaginosis are required to improve the clinical management of recurrent bacterial vaginosis.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID